Foundation’s Edge CHAPTER SIX EARTH Free Essays

string(142) " The farther we are from any massive abject, the easier to control the jump, to make re-emergence into space at exactly desired co-ordinates\." EARTH Trevize was hot and annoyed. He and Pelorat were sitting in the small dining area, having just completed their midday meal. Pelorat said, â€Å"We’ve only been in space two days and I find myself quite comfortable, although I miss fresh air, nature, and all that. We will write a custom essay sample on Foundation’s Edge CHAPTER SIX EARTH or any similar topic only for you Order Now Strange! Never seemed to notice all that sort of thing when it was all round me. Still between my wafer and that remarkable computer of yours, I have my entire library with me – or all that matters, at any rate. And I don’t feel the least bit frightened of being out in space now. Astonishing!† Trevize made a noncommittal sound. His eyes were inwardly focused. Pelorat said gently, â€Å"I don’t mean to intrude, Golan, but I don’t really think you’re listening. Not that I’m a particularly interesting person always been a hit of a bore, you know. Still, you seem preoccupied in another way. – Are we in trouble? Needn’t be afraid to tell me, you know. Not much I could do, I suppose, but I won’t go into panic, dear fellow.† â€Å"In trouble?† Trevize seemed to come to his senses, frowning slightly. â€Å"I mean the ship. It’s a new model, so I suppose there could be something wrong:† Pelorat allowed himself a small, uncertain smile. Trevize shook his head vigorously. â€Å"Stupid of me to leave you in such uncertainty, Janov. There’s nothing wrong at all with the ship. It’s working perfectly. It’s just that I’ve been looking for a hyper-relay.† â€Å"Ah, I see. – Except that I don’t. What is a hyper-relay?† â€Å"Well, let me explain, Janov. I am in communication with Terminus. At least, I can be anytime I wish and Terminus can, in reverse, be in communication with us. They know the ship’s location, having observed its trajectory. Even if they had not, they could locate us by scanning near-space for mass, which would warn them of the presence of a ship or, possibly, a meteoroid. But they could further detect an energy pattern, which would not only distinguish a ship from a meteoroid but would identify a particular ship, for no two ships make use of energy in quite the same way. In some way, our pattern remains characteristic, no matter what appliances or instruments we turn on and off. The ship may be unknown, of course, but if it is a ship whose energy pattern is on record in Terminus – as ours is – it can be identified as soon as detected.† Pelorat said, â€Å"It seems to me, Golan, that the advance of civilization is nothing but an exercise in the limiting of privacy.† â€Å"You may be right. Sooner or later, however, we must move through hyperspace or we will be condemned to remain within a parsec or two of Terminus for the rest of our lives. We will then be unable to engage in interstellar travel to any but the slightest degree. In passing through hyperspace, on the other hand, we undergo a discontinuity in ordinary space. We pass from here to there – and I mean across a gap of hundreds of parsecs sometimes – in an instant of experienced time. We are suddenly enormously far away in a direction that is very difficult to predict and, in a practical sense, we can no longer be detected.† â€Å"I see that. Yes.† â€Å"Unless, of course, they have planted a hyper-relay on board. A hyperrelay sends out a signal through hyperspace – a signal characteristic of this ship – and the authorities on Terminus would know where we are at all times. That answers your question, you see. There would be nowhere in the Galaxy we could hide and no combination of jumps through hyperspace would make it possible for us to evade their instruments:† â€Å"But, Golan,† bald Pelorat softly, â€Å"don’t we want Foundation protection?† â€Å"Yes, Janov, but only when we ask for it. You said the advance of civilization meant the continuing restriction of privacy. – Well. I don’t want to be that advanced. I want freedom to move undetected as I wish – unless and until I want protection So I would feel better, a great deal better, if there weren’t a hyper-relay on board.† â€Å"Have you found one, Golan?† â€Å"No, I have not. If I had, I might be able to render it inoperative somehow.† â€Å"Would you know one if you saw it?† â€Å"That’s one of the difficulties. I might not be able to recognize it. I know what a hyper-relay looks like generally and I know ways of testing a suspicious object – but this is a late-model ship, designed for special tasks. A hyper-relay may have been incorporated into its design in such a way as to show no signs of its presence.† â€Å"On the other hand, maybe there is no hyper-relay present and that’s why you haven’t found it.† â€Å"I don’t dare assume that and I don’t like the thought of making a jump until I know.† Pelorat looked enlightened. â€Å"That’s why we’ve just been drifting through space. I’ve been wondering why we haven’t jumped. I’ve heard about jumps, you know. Been a little nervous about it, actually – been wandering when you’d order me to strap myself in or take a pill or something like that.† Trevize managed a smile. â€Å"No need for apprehension. These aren’t ancient times. On a ship like this, you just leave it all to the computer. You give it your instructions and it does the rest. You won’t know that anything has happened at all, except that the view of space will suddenly change. If you’ve ever seen a slide show, you’ll know what happens when one slide is suddenly projected in place of another. Well, that’s what the jump will seem like.† â€Å"Dear me. One won’t feel anything? Odd! I find that somewhat disappointing.† â€Å"I’ve never felt anything and the ships I’ve been in haven’t been as advanced as this baby of ours. – But it’s not because of the hyperrelay that we haven’t jumped. We have to get a bit further away from Terminus – and from the sun, too. The farther we are from any massive abject, the easier to control the jump, to make re-emergence into space at exactly desired co-ordinates. You read "Foundation’s Edge CHAPTER SIX EARTH" in category "Essay examples" In an emergency, you might risk a jump when you’re only two hundred kilometers off she surface of a planet and just trust to luck that you’ll end up safely. Since there is much mete safe than unsafe volume in the Galaxy, you can reasonably count on safety. Still, there’s always the possibility that random factors will cause you to re-emerge within a few million kilometers of a large star or in the Galactic core – and you will find yourself fried bef ore you can blink. The further away you are from mass, the smaller those factors and the less likely it is that anything untoward will happen.† â€Å"In that case, I commend your caution. We’re not in a tearing hurry,† â€Å"Exactly. – Especially since I would dearly love to find the hyperrelay before I make a move. – Or find a way of convincing myself there is no hyper-relay.† Trevize seemed to drift off again into his private concentration and Pelorat said, raising his voice a little to surmount the preoccupation barrier, â€Å"How much longer do we have?† â€Å"What?† â€Å"I mean, when would you make the jump if you had no concerns over the hyper-relay, my dear chap?† â€Å"At our present speed and trajectory, I should say on our fourth day out. I’ll work out the proper time on the computer.† â€Å"Well, then, you still have two days for your search. May I make a suggestion?† â€Å"Go ahead.† â€Å"I have always found in my own work – quite different from yours, of course, but possibly we may generalize – that zeroing in tightly on a particular problem is self-defeating. Why not relax and talk about something else, and your unconscious mind – not laboring under the weight of concentrated thought – may solve the problem for you.† Trevize looked momentarily annoyed and then laughed. â€Å"Well, why not? – Tell me, Professor, what got you interested in Earth? What brought up this odd notion of a particular planet from which we all started?† â€Å"Ah!† Pelorat nodded his head reminiscently. â€Å"That’s going back a while. Over thirty years. I planned to be a biologist when I was going to college. I was particularly interested in the variation of species on different worlds. The variation, as you know – well, maybe you don’t know, so you won’t mind if I tell you – is very small. All forms of life throughout the Galaxy – at least all that we have yet encountered – share a water-based protein/nucleic acid chemistry.† Trevize said, â€Å"I went to military college, which emphasized nucleonics and gravities, but I’m not exactly a narrow specialist. I know a bit about the chemical basis of life. We were taught that water, proteins, and nucleic acids are the only possible basis for life.† â€Å"That, I think, is an unwarranted conclusion. It is safer to say that no other form of life has yet been found – or, at any rate, been recognized – and let it go at that. What is more surprising is that indigenous species – that is, species found on only a single planet and no other – are few in number. Most of the species that exist, including Homo sapiens in particular, are distributed through all or most of the inhabited worlds of the Galaxy and are closely related biochemically, physiologically, and morphologically. The indigenous species, on the other hand, are widely separated in characteristics from both the widespread forms and from each other.† â€Å"Well, what of that?† â€Å"The conclusion is that one world in the Galaxy – one world – is different from the rest. Tens of millions of worlds in the Galaxy – no one knows exactly how many – have developed life. It was simple life, sparse life, feeble life – not very variegated, not easily maintained, and not easily spread. One world, one world alone, developed life in millions of species – easily millions – some of it very specialized, highly developed, very prone to multiplication and to spreading, and including us. We were intelligent enough to form a civilization, to develop hyperspatial flight, and to colonize the Galaxy – and, in spreading through the Galaxy, we took many other forms of lifeforms related to each other and to ourselves – along with us.† â€Å"If you stop to think of it,† said Trevize rather indifferently, â€Å"I suppose that stands to reason. I mean, here we are in a human Galaxy. If we assume that it all started on some one world, then that one world would have to be different. But why not? The chances of life developing in that riotous fashion must be very slim indeed – perhaps one in a hundred million – so the chances are that it happened in one life-bearing world out of a hundred million. It had to be one.† â€Å"But what is it that made that particular one world so different from the others?† said Pelorat excitedly. â€Å"What were the conditions that made it unique?† â€Å"Merely chance, perhaps. After all, human beings and the lifeforms they brought with them now exist on tens of millions of planets, all of which can support life, so all those worlds must be good enough.† â€Å"No! Once the human species had evolved, once it had developed a technology, once it had toughened itself in the hard struggle for survival, it could then adapt to life on any world that is in the least hospitable – on Terminus, for instance. But can you imagine intelligent life having developed on Terminus? When Terminus was first occupied by human beings in the days of the EncycIopedists, the highest form of plant life it produced was a mosslike growth on rocks; the highest forms of animal life were small coral-like growths in the ocean and insectlike flying organisms on land. We just about wiped them out and stocked sea and land with fish and rabbits and goats and grass and grain and trees and so on. We have nothing left of the indigenous life, except for what exists in zoos and aquaria.† â€Å"Hmm,† said Trevize. Pelorat stared at him for a full minute, then sighed and said, â€Å"You don’t really care, do you? Remarkable! I find no one who does, somehow. My fault, I think. I cannot make it interesting, even though it interests me so much.† Trevize said, â€Å"It’s interesting. It is. But – but – so what?† â€Å"It doesn’t strike you that it might be interesting scientifically to study a world that gave rise to the only really flourishing indigenous ecological balance the Galaxy has ever seen?† â€Å"Maybe, if you’re a biologist. – I’m not, you see. You must forgive me.† â€Å"Of course, dear fellow. It’s just that I never found any biologists who were interested, either. I told you I was a biology major. I took it up with my professor and he wasn’t interested. He told me to turn to some practical problem. That so disgusted me I took up history instead – which had been rather a hobby of mine from my teenage years, in any case – and tackled the ‘Origin Question’ from that angle.† Trevize said, â€Å"But at least it has given you a lifework, so you must be pleased that your professor was so unenlightened.† â€Å"Yes, I suppose one might look at it that way. And the lifework is an interesting one, of which I have never tired. – But I do wish it interested you. I hate this feeling of forever talking to myself.† Trevize leaned his bead back and laughed heartily. Pelorat’s quiet face took or: a trace of hurt. â€Å"Why are you laughing at me?† â€Å"Not you, Janov,† said Trevize. â€Å"I was laughing at my own stupidity, Where you’re concered, I am completely grateful. You were perfectly right, you know,† â€Å"To take up the importance of human origins?† â€Å"No, no. – Well, yes, that too. – But I meant you were right to tell me to stop consciously thinking of my problem and to turn my mind elsewhere. It worked. When you were talking about the manner in which life evolved, it finally occurred to me that I knew how to find that hyperrelay – if it existed.† â€Å"Oh, that!† â€Å"Yes, that! That’s my monomania at the moment. I’ve been looking for that hyper-relay as though I were on my old scow of a training ship, studying every part of the ship by eye, looking for something that stood out from the rest. I had forgotten that this ship is a developed product of thousands of years of technological evolution. Don’t you see?† â€Å"No, Golan.† â€Å"We have a computer aboard. How could I have forgotten?† He waved his hand and passed into his own room, urging Pelorat along with him. â€Å"I need only try to communicate,† he said, placing his hands onto the computer contact. It was a matter of trying to reach Terminus, which was now some thousands of kilometers behind. Reach! Speak! It was as though nerve endings sprouted and extended, reaching outward with bewildering speed – the speed of light, of course – to make contact. Trevize felt himself touching – well, not quite touching, but sensing – well, not quite sensing, but – it didn’t matter, for there wasn’t a word for it. He was aware of Terminus within reach and, although the distance between himself and it was lengthening by some twenty kilometers per second, contact persisted as though planet and ship were motionless and separated by a few meters. He said nothing. He clamped shut. He was merely testing the principle of communication; he was not actively communicating. Out beyond, eight parsecs away, was Anacreon, the nearest large planet in their backyard, by Galactic standards. To send a message by the same light-speed system that had just worked for Terminus – and to receive an answer as well – would take fifty-two years. Reach for Anacreon! Think Anacreon! Think it as clearly as you can. You know its position relative to Terminus and the Galactic core; you’ve studied its planetography and history; you’ve solved military problems where it was necessary to recapture Anacreon (in the impossible case – these days – that it was taken by an enemy). Space! You’ve been on Anacreon. Picture it! Picture it! You will sense being on it via hyper-relay. Nothing! His nerve endings quivered and came to rest nowhere. Trevize pulled loose. â€Å"There’s no hyper-relay on board the Far Star, Janov. I’m positive. – And if I hadn’t followed your suggestion, I wonder how long it would have taken me to reach this point.† Pelorat, without moving a facial muscle, positively glowed. â€Å"I’m so pleased to have been of help. Does this mean we jump?† â€Å"No, we still wait two more days, to be safe. We have to get away from mass, remember? – Ordinarily, considering that I have a new and untried ship with which I am thoroughly unacquainted, it would probably take me two days to calculate the exact procedure – the proper hyperthrust for the first jump, in particular. I have a feeling, though, the computer will do it all.† â€Å"Dear me! That leaves us facing a rather boring stretch of time, it seems to me.† â€Å"Boring?† Trevize smiled broadly. â€Å"Anything but! You and I, Janov, are going to talk about Earth.† Pelorat said, â€Å"Indeed? You are trying to please an old man? That is kind of you. Really it is.† â€Å"Nonsense! I’m trying to please myself. Janov, you have made a convert. As a result of what you have told me, I realize that Earth is the most important and the most devouringly interesting object in the Universe.† It must surely have struck Trevize at the moment that Pelorat had presented his view of Earth. It was only because his mind was reverberating with the problem of the hyper-relay that he hadn’t responded at once. And the instant the problem had gone, he had responded. Perhaps the one statement of Hari Seldon’s that was most often repeated was his remark concerning the Second Foundation being â€Å"at the other end of the Galaxy† from Terminus. Seldon had even named the spot. It was to be â€Å"at Star’s End.† This had been included in Gaal Dornick’s account of the day of the trial before the Imperial court. â€Å"The other end of the Galaxy† – those were the words Seldon had used to Dornick and ever since that day their significance had been debated. What was it that connected one end of the Galaxy with â€Å"the other end†? Was it a straight line, a spiral, a circle, or what? And now, luminously, it was suddenly clear to Trevize that it was no line and no curve that should – or could – be drawn on the map of the Galaxy. It was more subtle than that. It was perfectly clear that the one end of the Galaxy was Terminus. It was at the edge of the Galaxy, yes – our Foundation’s edge – which gave the word â€Å"end† a literal meaning. It was, however, also the newest world of the Galaxy at the time Seldon was speaking, a world that was about to be founded, that had not as yet been in existence for a single moment. What would be the other end of the Galaxy, in that light? The other Foundation’s edge? Why, the oldest world of the Galaxy? And according to the argument Pelorat had presented – without knowing what he was presenting – that could only be Earth. The Second Foundation might well be on Earth. Yet Seldon had said the other end of the Galaxy was â€Å"at Star’s End.† Who could say he was not speaking metaphorically? Trace the history of humanity backward as Pelorat did and the line would stretch back from each planetary system, each star that shone down on an inhabited planet, to some other planetary system, some other star from which the first migrants had come, then back to a star before that – until finally, all the lines stretched back to the planet on which humanity had originated. It was the star that shone upon Earth that was â€Å"Star’s End:† Trevize smiled and said almost lovingly, â€Å"Tell me more about Earth, Janov.† Pelorat shook his head. â€Å"I have told you all there is, really. We will find out more on Trantor.† Trevize said, â€Å"No, we won’t, Janov. We’ll find out nothing there. Why? Because we’re not going to Trantor. I control this ship and I assure you we’re not.† Pelorat’s mouth fell open. He struggled for breath for a moment and then said, woebegone, â€Å"Oh, my dear fellow!† Trevize said, â€Å"Come an, Janov. Don’t look like that. We’re going to find Earth.† â€Å"But it’s only on Trantor that – â€Å" â€Å"No, it’s not. Trantor is just someplace you can study brittle films and dusty documents and turn brittle and dusty yourself.† â€Å"For decades, I’ve dreamed†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"You’ve dreamed of finding Earth.† â€Å"But it’s only†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Trevize stood up, leaned over, caught the slack of Pelorat’s tunic, and said, â€Å"Don’t repeat that, Professor. Don’t repeat it. When you first told me we were going to look for Earth, before ever we got onto this ship, you said we were sure to find it because, and I quote your own words, ‘I have an excellent possibility in mind’ Now I don’t ever want to hear you say ‘Trantor’ again. I just want you to tell me about this excellent possibility.† â€Å"But it must be confirmed. So far, it’s only a thought, a hope, a vague possibility.† â€Å"Good! Tell me about it!† â€Å"You don’t understand. You simply don’t understand. It is not a field in which anyone but myself has done research. There is nothing historical, nothing firm, nothing real. People talk about Earth as though it’s a fact, and also as though it’s a myth. There are a million contradictory tales†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Well then, what has your research consisted of?† â€Å"I’ve been forced to collect every tale, every bit of supposed history, every legend, every misty myth. Even fiction. Anything that includes the name of Earth or the idea of a planet of origin. For over thirty years, I’ve been collecting everything I could find from every planet of the Galaxy. Now if I could only get something more reliable than all of these from the Galactic Library at†¦ – But you don’t want me to say the word.† â€Å"That’s right. Don’t say it. Tell me instead that one of these items has caught your attention, and tell me your reasons for thinking why it, of them all, should be legitimate.† Pelorat shook his head. â€Å"There, Golan, if you will excuse my saying so, you talk like a soldier or a politician. That is not the way history works.† Trevize took a deep breath and kept his temper. â€Å"Tell me how it works, Janov. We’ve got two days. Educate me.† â€Å"You can’t rely on any one myth or even on any one group. I’ve had to gather them all, analyze them, organize them, set up symbols to represent different aspects of their content – tales of impossible weather, astronomic details of planetary systems at variance with what actually exists, place of origin of culture heroes specifically stated not to be native, quite literally hundreds of other items. No use going through the entire list. Even two days wouldn’t be enough. I spent over thirty years, I tell you. â€Å"I then worked up a computer program that searched through all these myths for common components and sought a transformation that would eliminate the true impossibilities. Gradually I worked up a model of what Earth must have been like. After all, if human beings all originated on a single planet, that single planet must represent the one fact that all origin myths, all culture – hero tales, have in common. – Well, do you want me to go into mathematical detail?† Trevize said, â€Å"Not at the moment, thank you, but how do you know you won’t be misled by your mathematics? We know for a fact that Terminus was founded only five centuries ago and that the first human beings arrived as a colony from Trantor but had been assembled from dozens – if not hundreds – of other worlds. Yet someone who did not know this could assume that Hari Seldon and Salvor Hardin, neither of whom were born on Terminus, came from Earth and that Trantor was really a name that stood for Earth. Certainly, if the Trantor as described in Seldon’s time were searched for – a world with all its land surface coated with metal – it would not be found and it might be considered an impossible myth.† Pelorat looked pleased. â€Å"I withdraw my earlier remark about soldiers and politicians, my dear fellow. You have a remarkable intuitive sense. Of course, I had to set up controls. I invented a hundred falsities based on distortions of actual history and imitating myths of the type I had collected. I then attempted to incorporate my inventions into the model. One of my inventions was even based on Terminus’s early history. The computer rejected them all. Every one. To be sure, that might have meant I simply lacked the fictional talents to make up something reasonable, but I did my best† â€Å"I’m sure you did, Janov. And what did your model tell you about Earth?† â€Å"A number of things of varying degrees of likelihood. A kind of profile. For instance, about 90 percent of the inhabited planets in the Galaxy have rotation periods of between twenty-two and twenty-six Galactic Standard Hours. Well – † â€Å" Trevize cut in. â€Å"I hope you didn’t pay any attention to that, Janov. There’s no mystery there. For a planet to be habitable, you don’t want it to rotate so quickly that air circulation patterns produce impossibly stormy conditions or so slowly that temperature variation patterns are extreme. It’s a property that’s self-selective. Human beings prefer to live on planets with suitable characteristics, and then when all habitable planets resemble each other in these characteristics, some say, ‘What an amazing coincidence,’ when it’s not amazing at all and not even a coincidence.† â€Å"As a matter of fact,† said Pelorat calmly, â€Å"that’s a well-known phenomenon in social science. In physics, too, I believe – but I’m not a physicist and I’m not certain about that. In any case, it is called the ‘anthropic principle’: The observer influences the events he observes by the mere act of observing them or by being there to observe them. But the question is: Where is the planet that served as a model? Which planet rotates in precisely one Galactic Standard Day of twenty-four Galactic Standard Hours?† Trevize looked thoughtful and thrust out his lower lip. â€Å"You think that might be Earth? Surely Galactic Standard could have been based on the local characteristics of any world, might it not?† â€Å"Not likely. It’s not the human way. Trantor was the capital world of the Galaxy for twelve thousand years – the most populous world for twenty thousand years – yet it did not impose its rotation period of 1.08 Galactic Standard Days on all the Galaxy. And Terminus’s rotation period is 0.91 GSD and we don’t enforce ours on the planets dominated by us. Every planet makes use of its own private calculations in its own Local Planetary Day system, and for matters of interplanetary importance converts – with the help of computers – back and forth between LPD and GSD. The Galactic Standard Day must come from Earth]† â€Å"Why is it a must?† â€Å"For one thing, Earth was once the only inhabited world, so naturally its day and year would be standard and would very likely remain standard out of social inertia as other worlds were populated. Then, too, the model I produced was that of an Earth that rotated on its axis in just twenty-four Galactic Standard Hours and that revolved about its sun in just one Galactic Standard Year.† â€Å"Might that not be coincidence?† Pelorat laughed. â€Å"Now it is you who are talking coincidence. Would you care to lay a wager on such a thing happening by coincidence?† â€Å"Well well,† muttered Trevize. â€Å"In fact, there’s more to it. There’s an archaic measure of time that’s called the month†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"I’ve heard of it.† â€Å"It, apparently, about fits the period of revolution of Earth’s satellite about Earth. However – â€Å" â€Å"Yes?† â€Å"Well, one rather astonishing factor of the model is that the satellite I just mentioned is huge – over one quarter the diameter of the Earth itself.† â€Å"Never heard of such a thing, Janov. There isn’t a populated planet in the Galaxy with a satellite like that.† â€Å"But that’s good,† said Pelorat with animation. â€Å"If Earth is a unique world in its production of variegated species and the evolution of intelligence, then we want some physical uniqueness.† â€Å"But what could a large satellite have to do with variegated species, intelligence, and all that?† â€Å"Well now, there you hit a difficulty. I don’t really know. But it’s worth examination, don’t you think?† Trevize rose to his feet and folded his arms across his chest. â€Å"But what’s the problem, then? Look up the statistics on inhabited planets and find one that has a period of rotation and of revolution that are exactly one Galactic Standard Day and one Galactic Standard Year in length, respectively. And if it also has a gigantic satellite, you’d have what you want. I presume, from your statement that you ‘have an excellent possibility in mind,’ that you’ve done just this, and that you have your world.† Pelorat looked disconcerted. â€Å"Well, now, that’s not exactly what happened. I did look through the statistics, or at least I had it done by the astronomy department and – well, to put it bluntly, there’s no such world.† Trevize sat down again abruptly. â€Å"But that means your whole argument falls to the ground.† â€Å"Not quite, it seems to me.† â€Å"What do you mean, not quite? You produce a model with all sorts of detailed descriptions and you can’t find anything that fits. Your model is useless, then. You must start from the beginning.† â€Å"No. It just means that the statistics on populated planets are incomplete. After all, there are tens of millions of them and some are very obscure worlds. For instance, there is no good data on the population of nearly half. And concerning six hundred and forty thousand populated worlds there is almost no information other than their names and sometimes the location. Some galactographers have estimated that there may be up to ten thousand inhabited planets that aren’t listed at all. The worlds prefer it that way, presumably. During the Imperial Era, it might have helped them avoid taxation.† â€Å"And in the centuries that followed,† said Trevize cynically. â€Å"It might have helped them serve as home bases for pirates, and that might have, on occasion, proved more enriching than ordinary trade.† â€Å"I ‘wouldn’t know about that,† said Pelorat doubtfully. Trevize said, â€Å"Just the same, it seems to me that Earth would have to be on the list of inhabited planets, whatever its own desires. It would be the oldest of them all, by definition, and it could not have been overlooked in the early centuries of Galactic civilization. And once on the list, it would stay on. Surely we could count on social inertia there.† Pelorat hesitated and looked anguished. â€Å"Actually, there – there is a planet named Earth on the list of inhabited planets.† Trevize stared. â€Å"I’m under the impression that you told me a while ago that Earth was not on the list?† â€Å"As Earth, it is not. There is, however, a planet named Gaia.† â€Å"What has that got to do with it? Gahyah?† â€Å"It’s spelled G-A-I-A. It means ‘Earth.'† â€Å"Why should it mean Earth, Janov, any more than anything else? The name is meaningless to me.† Pelorat’s ordinarily expressionless face came close to a grimace. â€Å"I’m not sure you’ll believe this. – If I go by my analysis of the myths, there were several different, mutually unintelligible, languages on Earth.† â€Å"What?† â€Å"Yes. After all, we have a thousand different ways of speaking across the Galaxy†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Across the Galaxy, there are certainly dialectical variations, but these are not mutually unintelligible. And even if understanding some of them is a matter of difficulty, we all share Galactic Standard.† â€Å"Certainly, but there is constant interstellar travel. What if some world was in isolation for a prolonged period?† â€Å"But you’re talking of Earth. A single planet. Where’s the isolation?† â€Å"Earth is the planet of origin, don’t forget, where humanity must at one time have been primitive beyond imagining. Without interstellar travel, without computers, without technology at all, struggling up from nonhuman ancestors.† â€Å"This is so ridiculous.† Pelorat hung his head in embarrassment at that. â€Å"There is perhaps no use discussing this, old chap. I never have managed to make it convincing to anyone. My own fault, I’m sure.† Trevize was at once contrite. â€Å"Janov, I apologize. I spoke without thinking. These are views, after all, to which I am not accustomed. You have been developing your theories for over thirty years, while I’ve been introduced to them all at once. You must make allowances. – Look, I’ll imagine that we have primitive people on Earth who speak two completely different, mutually unintelligible, languages. â€Å"‘ â€Å"Half a dozen, perhaps,† said Pelorat diffidently. â€Å"Earth may have been divided into several large land masses and it may be that there were, at first, no communications among them. The inhabitants of each land mass might have developed an individual language.† Trevize said with careful gravity, â€Å"And on each of these land masses, once they grew cognizant of one another, they might have argued an ‘origin Question’ and wondered on which one human beings had first arisen from other animals.† â€Å"They might very well, Golan. It would be a very natural attitude for them to have.† â€Å"And in one of those languages, Gaia means Earth. And the word ‘Earth’ itself is derived from another one of those languages.† â€Å"Yes, yes: ‘ â€Å"And while Galactic Standard is the language that descended from the particular language in which ‘Earth’ means ‘Earth,’ the people of Earth for some reason call their planet ‘Gala’ from another of their languages.† â€Å"Exactly! You are indeed quick, Golan.† â€Å"But it seems to me that there’s no need to make a mystery of this. If Gaia is really Earth, despite the difference in names, then Gala, by your previous argument, ought to have a period of rotation of just one Galactic Day, a period of revolution of just one Galactic Year, and a giant satellite that revolves about it in just one month.† â€Å"Yes, it would have to be so.† â€Å"Well then, does it or doesn’t it fulfill these requirements?† â€Å"Actually I can’t say. The information isn’t given in the tables.† â€Å"Indeed? Well, then, Janov, shall we go to Gaia and time its periods and stare at its satellite?† â€Å"I would like to, Golan,† Pelorat hesitated. â€Å"The trouble is that the location isn’t given exactly, either.† â€Å"You mean, all you have is the name and nothing more, and that is your excellent possibility?† â€Å"But that is just why I want to visit the Galactic Library!† â€Å"Well, wait. You say the table doesn’t give the location exactly. Does it give any information at all?† â€Å"It lists it in the Sayshell Sector – and adds a question mark.† â€Å"Well, then – Janov, don’t be downcast. We will go to the Sayshell Sector and somehow we will find Gaia!† How to cite Foundation’s Edge CHAPTER SIX EARTH, Essay examples

Leadership Don Braid and Mainfreight Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Leadership Don Braid Mainfreight. Answer: Don Braid In the world focused on the short term performances Don Braid is efficiently working on a business plan with a vision of 100 years. His vision has allowed the company to grow as an international transport and Logistics Company. Braid has an experience of more than 38 years and he is working with Mainfreight for more than 20 years. He was the past winner of the NZ Herald Business Leader of the year (NZ Herald business leader of the year finalists, 2016). Background Mainfreight was formed in the year 1978 in Auckland, New Zealand by Bruce Plested with just $7,200.00. It opened its first international branch in the year 1984. The company got listed on the NZX in 1996. The brand has built a reputation for its slick-run operations under the leadership of Don Braid. With his global vision the brand has expanded its business operations across Australia, China, Europe, New Zealand and the United States (Directors Profile, 2017). Braid is known for his self-motivated attitude and determination. It is due to his determination that he received the leadership award at the 2016 Institute of Finance Professionals awards. The vision of Mainfreight is to be counted among the major trading company in the world. His leadership capabilities have allowed the company to compete on the global platform. His capability to create high quality supply chain has allowed in gaining operational excellence. The brand is able to gain market competencies through long-range market strategy. Through his competencies the brand is able to become a global supply chain with over 240 branches around the world. Recent major influence on New Zealands business leaders Leadership in the recent times is considered to be the major issue for the New Zealand based business organizations. The challenges related to the leadership are on top f mind of businesses. They are now working consistently on improving leadership qualities for the future of the country (Lin, 2016). As per the survey conducted by Deloitte New Zealand stands at the second place on the basis of effective leadership. The organizations are facing problems due to ineffective leadership practice. The greatest challenge for the business organizations in todays context is the disparities in leadership (Lin, 2016). The following four factors are primarily responsible for affecting the leadership trends in New Zealand: Social Responsibility: This is one of the major factors that are been affecting the organizational culture. Social responsibility is considered as one of the important factor that governs an organization. The business leaders are undertaking the responsibility of the environment and the sustainability while making policies for the future (Fairhurst Connaughton, 2014). Professionalism: The working model is based on professionalism. The business leader tries to create a role model for the rest of the organization. The primary focus is to gain targets by implementing effective measures. On a long run the business leader is trying to make a drastic change in the organization by establishing effective business policies. Cultural context: New Zealand follows a formal business culture. The leader is the one who sets an example for rest of the employees. The business leader follows an effective business culture that primarily focuses on gaining efficiency. The formal business leadership allows an organization to develop in a systematic way. The employees have to follow the code of conduct as stated by the leader. This allows the organization to gain objectives through effective business practices (New Zealand - Business and Workplace Culture, 2017). Stakeholders responsibility and Engagement: the business leader in New Zealand gives priority to the interest of the stakeholders. The policies are formed keeping in mind the role and interest of the stakeholders. The business can efficiently work if the policies are framed in an efficient way. This is majorly to draw the attention of rest of the world to follow the effective business practices (Cameron, Quinn, DeGraff and Thakor, 2014). 4 generic factors affecting Leadership in Don Braid with Example: Professionalism: An efficient leader is committed towards the work. He sets an example for the rest of the organization to undertake systematic responsibility. It is due to a leader commitment and determination that an organization is able to succeed goals. Don Braid is a live example of lucid determination and commitment. His commitment for global expansion has helped Mainfreight in managing logistics. It is due to his determination the company is able expand its business. He through his professional behavior guarantees success to the organization (Don Braid, 2017; Prive, 2012). Social Responsibility - a leader need to introduce changes in the organization. It is due to his capabilities an organization is able to earn recognition. This is important for an organization to introduce changes and to respond efficiently to the society in case of changes. The overall purpose of a change is to adopt the global environment. Don Braid is making efforts for gaining social responsibility goals. He knew for introducing changes. His vision is to develop organization from an old school to a digital based organization. This has allowed an organization to gain competency. It is his vision that the organization is able to gain a competitive advantage in the market. In his statement he mentioned that it I our responsibility to take care of environment (Climate change: Backing up the trucks.2015). Cultural Context: it is important for a leader to trust the other team mates. This allows the team to work more efficiently. In true business sense it is important for a brand to plan business by involving the employees. It is the part of the job of a leader to develop policies by involving his team mates. Don Braid ensures that everyone from different cultural background need to be given equal opportunity developed a level of confidence in order to ensure higher productivity. He understands the role of a team in achieving high productivity. The key objective is to keep everyone moving and working. Stakeholders responsibility and Engagement: A leader needs to have positive attitude towards the contingencies occurring in the organization it is the duty of the leader to motivate his team and keep moving forward. It is his duty to keep a fine balance between productivity and playfulness. It is his duty to make everyone feel happy and give them a chance to move forward. Don Braid believes in motivating employees through positive business environment. In this way he is able to gain interest of stakeholders. References Business Leader of the Year Award: Simon Moutter (2016). ONLINE. https://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3objectid=11561251(Retrieved On: 16 May 2017) Business leaders are short-changing New Zealand and need to upskill, (2016). ONLINE. Retrieved from: https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/transforming-business/78725967/business-leaders-are-shortchanging-new-zealand-and-need-to-upskill (Retrieved On: 16 May 2017) Cameron, K.S., Quinn, R.E., DeGraff, J. and Thakor, A.V., 2014.Competing values leadership. Edward Elgar Publishing. Climate change: Backing up the trucks.(2015). ONLINE. Retrieved from: https://www.radionz.co.nz/news/national/290665/climate-change-backing-up-the-trucks (Retrieved On: 19 May 2017) Directors Profile,(2017). ONLINE. Retrieved from: https://www.mainfreight.com/global/en/global-home/about-us/directors.aspx (Retrieved On: 16 May 2017) Don Braid.(2017). ONLINE. Retrieved from: https://newzealandinc.com/profile-don-braid/ (Retrieved On: 19 May 2017) Fairhurst, G. T., Connaughton, S. L. (2014). Leadership: A communicative perspective.Leadership,10(1), 7-35. Lin, T.(2016). Leadership a top issue for firms in NZ. ONLINE. Retrieved from: https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/small-business/79566402/Leadership-a-top-issue-for-firms-in-NZ (Retrieved On: 16 May 2017) New Zealand - Business and Workplace Culture,(2017). ONLINE. Retrieved from: https://www.expatfocus.com/expatriate-new-zealand-business-culture(Retrieved On: 16 May 2017) NZ Herald business leader of the year finalists,(2016). ONLINE. Retrieved from: https://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3objectid=11773398 (Retrieved On: 16 May 2017) Prive,T.(2012). Top 10 Qualities That Make A Great Leader ONLINE. Retrieved from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/tanyaprive/2012/12/19/top-10-qualities-that-make-a-great-leader/#688d77e97754 (Retrieved On: 16

Explication Of Blake Essays - Songs Of Innocence And Of Experience

Explication Of Blake The poetry of William Blake is renowned for its critique of society and injustice as well as expressing strong religious influences. Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience were written concerning the destiny of the human spirit and the differences between how children and adults view and understand the world. Blake believed that man had the potential to attain both wisdom through experience and joy through innocence. He admired the innocence of children and thought that self-awareness could be realized through the recapturing of the wonderment and imagination of a child. Songs of Innocence reflect that innocence and joy. Songs of Experience were written to expound upon how the knowledge of injustices, evils, and confusion arrive as a result of life experience. These poems focus on understanding the evils and injustices of the world without becoming tainted by them in order to gain an awareness of our true identities. Two of Blake's most well known poems are ?The Lamb? from Songs of Innocence and ?The Tyger? from Songs of Experience. Each work contains elements relating to their themes. ?The Lamb? is written through the viewpoint of a child as a symbol of innocence analogous to ?The Tyger? as an example of experience. In ?The Lamb?, Blake discusses many points pertaining to religion. The lamb is described as being meek, vulnerable, and harmless when Blake says, ?Gave thee clothing of delight, Softest clothing, woolly, bright; Gave thee such a tender voice? (lines 3-7). The picture of the lamb feeding ?by the stream and oe'r the mead? (line 4) suggests God's kindness in creation. We are reminded in the second stanza that God, who created the lamb, is also like the lamb. ?For he calls Himself a Lamb. He is meek, and He is mild? (lines 14-15). After ?He became a little child? (line 16), Jesus became known as The Lamb of God who came to take away the sins of the world. The innocence of the lamb is sho wn to be wholesome, good, and right, free from the corruption of the world. ?The Tyger? also deals with religious elements and creation asking, ?Did he who made the Lamb make thee (line 20). The first stanza asks the question of what kind of being could be powerful enough to create ?thy fearful symmetry? (line 4). Blake is amazed at the complexity of the animal, ?what art, could twist the sinews of thy heart? (lines 9-10), the power that caused its heart to beat, and at the formation of tiger's brain. We cannot be completely positive of what the tiger represents, but with its fearsome appearance and savage nature, the majesty and power of God's creation is manifested. The tiger is terrifying in its beauty, strength, complexity, and vitality. The lamb is obviously one of God's creations with innocence and meekness with which he must be pleased, but Blake wonders whether He is as pleased with the tiger, ?Did he smile his work to see (line 19). The poem ends with the poet questioning not who ?could? create the animal, but who would ?dare? to create such an anim al. Because the tiger represents experience, it can be inferred that experience is not something to be desired and is evil. Through further examination we realize that experience, like the tiger, is to be respected and revered, but not enjoyed. The wisdom that comes from experience allows one to ponder life's mysteries, inherent complications and problems, injustices, and abuses without becoming tainted by them while maintaining a state of innocence. The Tiger and The Lamb are complementary due to their examination of dissimilar, almost contradictory viewpoints. When analyzed together, we realize that there must be a union of opposites where innocence and experience are fused. Simply returning to a state of innocence and ignoring the lessons taught through experience is not sufficient for us to become aware of our own identities, but recognizing and understanding the evils around us without becoming tainted by them is how we achieve self-awareness. English Essays

Task 1 Essay

Task 1 Essay Task 1 Essay Task 1 Company Q’s current attitude towards social responsibility is very iffy, but it could definitely improve considering the positive opportunities that they have recently encountered. Customer Q needs to always remember that their customer’s perception of them is everything. You always want to make your customer’s shopping experience is as positive as possible, because if you do, in the end you will receive loyalty of that customer. Company Q does have time to turn their social responsibility around. If they start looking at all the ways to improve how their customer’s view of them, it will increase their profits and make any shareholders they do have extremely pleased. Company Q closed two of their stores that were located in the higher crime rate areas due to the stores consistently losing money. This could be due to several things. It appears that Company Q thought they were being socially responsible by doing this, but they were doing the total opposite. First, Company Q could have changed their shopping hours if the closing of the stores were actually due to crime activity. Opening the stores early and closing at a reasonable time could avoid any crime activity that usually happens more often when it gets darker out. Next, the company could add more security cameras to the store for additional protection of their employees and inventory. Placing security cameras throughout the building could help with both internal and external theft. People are less likely to steal money or products if they know they are being watched by the man. Finally, Company Q also could provide training for new and current employees. By conducting ethics training it cou ld help the employees understand the policies of the company and help guide them to make the best decisions for them as an employee and the company they’re working for. By just adding a few cameras, changing a couple policies and adding employee training, Company Q could be increasing their sales again instead of losing profits and closing stores that could have stayed open. Many customers have requested over the years that Company Q start offering health-conscience and organic products. It took them years for them to consider this request. Nowadays, it seems like organic or health-conscience food is the â€Å"in† thing. It’s like everyone wants to be healthy. What grocery store doesn’t have a section of organic products? No one wants to have to go to multiple stores to get the products they need. Customers want to be able to go to one store for everything. If Company Q was being socially responsible they would know that this would have been a positive effect on their company, which would make customers have a more positive image of them and in turn bigger profits. When you have happy customers, you’ll have more loyal customers. They will be more loyal when you give them what they want and need. It’s all about convenience these days. Adding a new

Assignment 4 Brief therapy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Assignment 4 Brief therapy - Essay Example or â€Å"How can the therapist provide what is needed to get the patient unstuck?† (Budman, Hoyt & Friedman, 1992). Among the approaches presented, I am partial to the cognitive behavioral techniques. In this paper, two of the known ones shall be discussed, namely Ellis’ Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy pioneered by Aaron Beck. It is believed that much can be said about how a person reacts to a situation. In times of successes and positive moments, most people celebrate with joyous reactions. However, in troubled times, people react with different shades of negative emotions. Some spring back right away and take positive action while others dwell in doom and even fall into a dark depressive state. For these people, how do they find their way back to the light? Ellis’ Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) is considered to be the forerunner of Cognitive Behavior therapies. Its basic hypothesis is that our emotions stem mainly from our beliefs, evaluations, interpretations and reactions to life situations. Ellis believes that we have an inborn tendency towards growth and actualization but we often sabotage our movement toward growth due to self-defeating patterns we have learned. Through therapeutic processes, the client learns skills to isolate and dispute their irrational views which were mostly self-constructed and maintained by self-indoctrination. REBT helps clients replace such irrational views with rational and constructive ones, thus resulting in more productive change in behavior and reactions to situations. Although Ellis believes that therapists maintain unconditional regard for the client, he also warns against giving too much warmth to the point of coddling, as it encourages clients’ dependence for approval from the therapist. Maturity is expected of the client as great

The philosophy of Leadership Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The philosophy of Leadership - Term Paper Example The scholars look for some extraordinary characteristics and traits essential for the making of leadership. Although the magnitude of these qualities may vary from person to person, as well as from one situation to the other, yet these are essential for turning the individuals the leader of their group, community, society or nation. These qualities include commitment to the mutual cause, loyalty and sincerity to the group, honesty, integrity, courage and benevolence. The scholars are of the opinion that it is essential for a successful leadership that it must be visionary, bold, resolute and determined, which could combat with opposition on the one hand, and can resist the challenges and problems the followers undergo on the other. Consequently, a leader is man of crisis that can successfully steer the ship of the community towards the safe harbors. Consequently, a true leader not only possesses the ability of foreseeing and predicting the situation, but also is in a position to solv e the same by dint of his courage, astuteness and prudence. One of the most imperative differences between leader and followers includes that a follower can display selfishness by placing his personal needs and requirements on priority, but the same could not be observed in the thinking and behavior of a true and dedicated leader, who always strive to take steps for the wellbeing of the entire community or organization. If a leader tries to keep his personal vested interests at priority and neglects the collective interest of his group, team or nation, the followers reject to remain under his command, and appear to be dedicated to replace him with some other person for the growth and development of the entire community. The same can be witnessed in the national and state elections, where the person displaying utmost sincerity and dedication to every stratum of society is elected by the people as president, member parliament or other administrative position. The philosophy of true le aderships takes the leader as person, who is free from ethnic, racial, religious, regional, gender and other prejudices. Hence, a dedicated leader is equally sympathetic, sacrificing and compassionate towards his followers without taking their appearance, color, complexion, gender, socioeconomic position, qualification and sexual orientation etc into account altogether. History and Holy Scriptures are replete with the noble ways adopted by the holy men, who suffered painful trials in order to convey and communicate the sacred message of God to the humanity at large. Actually their steadfastness, iron-will, firmness and care for all people make them as the mentors, preachers and spiritual leaders of their people. The holy prophets and saints loved and interacted with the downtrodden people of society, and never looked down upon the poor, needy, disabled and paupers even. Their

Importance of Sex Education in Schools

Importance of Sex Education in Schools Sex is a really complex topic to talk about, though it has both harmful effects and beneficial side effects that can help with the health of the body. young people often do not know what they are getting into when they have premarital sex. Sexual activities are more common within teenagers from ages as early as 14 to 18 years, this could be because of trying to be popular in high school or simply because individuals feel left out from friends and to maintain that man chain with friends. Worst case scenario is because individuals try to forget previews relationships that had a tough breakup by using other individuals who are willing to accept and help a friend, because at the end of the road is where true friends are reveled. Although, pregnancy is more common around high school students because they tend to have crazy hormones and are not familiar on how to talk about it with an adult or to simply ask their parents about an advice. Thought parents take time and effort trying to reinf orced that connection with their children about topic that they need to be getting ready to learn and know. parents want their children to be well informed about sex, sexual health and relationships; however, they want to be kept informed about school program High School teenagers are more common to have sexual activities throughout school than any other school grade, this being because of the benefits that this particular activity provides. Today in society we have all this smart phones and technology that we use in our daily lives and nothing stop us from logging into the internet and search anything we want the answer to, in this case what most teenagers will search. What are the benefits of having sexual relationships? And what are side effects after performing this activity. Most of us as teenagers are scared or might not have a fully understandable relationship with our parents to the point that we cant ask them information about how to have save sex? Or When would be the best time to do it? And what are the things couples need to consider when they are about to move on to the next phase in their lives. However, the majority of us depend on our buddies and we know the common word (hook up) because we all want to know more specific i nformation about having sex with loved ones. Though the lack of communication is making teenagers have more curiosity and having crazy hormones towards wanting to do something but not knowing how to prevent it which leads to the next phase of having sex at an early age. Most teenagers have a partner that they handout with and they enjoy being with, which makes them be more active and interact with them in all kinds of perspectives because they want to know each other more and give each other all they can possibly give. Further into this topic (sex) we know that pregnancy can be prevented, though sometimes males are scared to buy protection at local stores and gas stations because they feel like they are going to be misjudge by either cashiers or other members in the stores. Therefore, they take the risk of having unprotected sex with may lead into a pregnancy the first time of having sex. Their loved one which might lead to pregnancy and any other disease transmissions while performing inner course. Having a pregnancy while in high school, makes it more challenging for students to continue with their academics because now they will need to be taking care of the new baby and working will need to be a responsibility in order for the couple and the baby to maintain a healthy life. Though throughout all of this new responsibilities, academics must still take place in order for that individual to graduate by the designated date. Is going to be tough and challenging to make this tough responsibility and keep moving forward, because to maintain a good stable status in high school and maintain a well-paid job to support the new pregnant couple is going to require a lot of patience and commitment towards choosing what is going to be best for both the baby and the teenage mom. Teenagers havent done enough in their lives to be having children. Many teenagers only because they have a good stable job that takes care of them financially and maybe a car to be able to more around places is not all the requirements that a couple should have. Instead of just having money for on they will need to be able to afford the babys lifestyle which will require a lot of patient in the first place and also money to buy the food and all then nutrients the baby needs as well as the appointments with the doctor. Having a baby is not only a gift from god but it can be such a distraction while going to school and one thing that parents need to bring to the baby are diapers, wipers, clothes, towels, and all of their attention while there are babys because they cannot be taking care of themselves and they cant depend on themselves, instead they referee to their parent by crying and showing them what they want because as babys they cannot communicate and they wont be able to do independent stuff. Choosing the wrong choice whether it is for not having a close communication with the parents, or not being taught and not buying protection because of what people say. Simply to forget another relationship, this could lead to no good because not being in love or comfortable with the other individual the relationship is not going to be good; instead if they end up together because of a pregnancy this will only keep the couple together because of the baby itself and not because the couple want to be together and raise the baby together. All of this topics are highly common in teenagers and no matter which one it is at the end a baby is going to change everything, and is up to the new parents of the unborn baby to choose what is going to be best not just for them but most importantly for the baby. Because of his/her innocence they dont know what is good or bad and is up to the new parentages to take their free time and apply it to all to their new baby. (Often, teens dont get prenatal care soon enough, which can lead to problems later on) this problem can be because of not having back up information about how to take care of themselves and thinking about the consequences before taking action to what they might regret later in life, as well as they can ask other grown-ups if the connection with their parents is weak. This results can lead to a more responsible and knowledgeable teenager, only by having that back grown knowledge can help prevent so many things while having any kind of sexual activities. Websites Dye, Bruce A. Teenage Pregnancy | Teen Pregnancy | MedlinePlus. MedlinePlus Trusted Health Information for You. U.S National Library or Medicine, 11 Aug. 2016. Web. 09 Mar. 2017. . Smith, Adam. Pregnancy Quotes. BrainyQuote. Xplore, 1 Jan. 2001. Web. 09 Mar. 2017. . Gisel. Our Health, Our Futures Sexual Issues Teen Pregnancy, P. 6 Quotes. Our Health, Our Futures Sexual Issues Teen Pregnancy, P. 6 Quotes. Mary Robb Teague, 1 Jan. 2000. Web. 09 Mar. 2017. . Dyson, Sue. Review: Parents and Sex Education. The Journal of Educational Sociology 8.6 (1935): 381. Department of Health. La Trobe University, 2010. Web. 09 Mar. 2017. The Only 12 Things You Really Need for a Baby. Scary Mommy. N.p., 20 Nov. 2016. Web. 09 Mar. 2017. .