UKs Land Use Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

UKs Land Use Planning - Essay Example This responsibility is vested with the Office of the Deputy Prime Minister in England, in Wales and Scotland the Welsh Assembly Government and the Scottish Executive respectively. In addition these departments have to develop national planning policy guidance within which local authorities have to function (British Geological Survey, n.d.). The endeavour of the Planning Practice Standard is to develop the environmental impact assessment, EIA, as a planning tool in order to promote the objectives of town and country planning. "This PPS updates the RTPI Practice Advice Note 13, published in 1995, to reflect the requirements of the amended EIA Regulations, which came into effect in 1999". In order to implement the European Directive 85/337/EEC, as amended by the Directive 97/11/EC, legislation on environmental impact assessment has been introduced in the UK. Section 71A of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990, contains the requirement to carry out EIA of certain planning proposals. (The Royal Town Planning Institute, 2001). The use of land determines irrevocably the fate of natural and semi-natural ecosystems and consequently, sustainable development is ably assisted by Nature conservation policies and their relations with land use exemplify the importance being accorded to planning. This process makes it essential to establish fundamental links between developments in particular localities and environmental changes on a world - wide basis. This methodology requires the adoption of a strategic approach to the conservation and enhancement of biodiversity (Cowell and Owens 2002). The basic human responsibility to protect and improve the environment for the benefit of present and future generations was expressed on the global level as early as 1972, in principle 1 of the Stockholm Declaration, but the Aarhus Convention is the first international legal instrument to extend this concept to a set of legal obligations (Stec and Casey - Lefkowitz 2000). Land-use planning is concerned not only with site protection but of late; it is proving of immense relevance in the adoption of a proactively strategic approach to the conservation of nature. This approach must not only concentrate on preservation of what has survived but more importantly, it has to address itself to the problem of habitat restoration and enhancement. In the UK this change is visible in legislation and in the guidance being provided to the local planning authorities from government, statutory agencies and non-governmental organisations, for ensuring the protection of the biodiversity. Planning and nature conservation policy have been influenced to a great extent by the latest interpretations of sustainable development, especially those which involve the concepts of environmental capital and capacity. The role of land use planning has been highlighted by European legislation and in particular the Habitats Directive, which aims to conserve European species and habitats . This Directive, enjoins upon national governments the requirement to nominate Special Areas of Conservation (SACs), which are to be provided with stringent protection. That there are limitations to this approach is borne out by the fact that, despite their protected status, many sites have been lost or damaged as a result of land-use change. The major culprit in this aspect has been development as defined in town and country planning legislation, which has

What Materials Can Be Recycled Environmental Sciences Essay

What Materials Can Be Recycled Environmental Sciences Essay Recycling involves processing used materials into new products in order to prevent waste of potentially useful materials, reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials, reduce energy usage, reduce air pollution (from incineration) and water pollution (from landfilling) by reducing the need for conventional waste disposal, and lower greenhouse gas emissions as compared to virgin production. Recycling is a key component of modern waste management and is the third component of the Reduce, Reuse, Recycle waste hierarchy. Recyclable materials include many kinds of glass, paper, metal, plastic, textiles and electronics. Although similar in effect, the composting or other reuse of biodegrabale waste- such as food or garden waste- is not typical considered recycling. Materials to be recycled are either brought to a collection center or picked up from the curbside, then sorted, cleaned up, and reprocessed into new materials bound for manufacturing. In a strict sense recycling of a material would produce a fresh supply of the same material, for example, used office paper to more office paper, or used foamed polystyrene to more polystyrene. However, this is often difficult or too expensive (compared with producing the same product from raw materials or other sources), so recycling of many products or materials involves their reuse in producing different materials (e.g., cardboard) instead. Another form of recycling is the salvage of certain materials from complex products, either due to their natural value (e.g., lead from car batteries, or gold from computer components), or due to their hazardous nature (e.g., removal and reuse of mercury from various items). Critics dispute the net economic and environmental benefits of recycling over its costs. Specififically, critics argue that the costs and energy saved in collection and transportation detract from (and possibly outweigh) the costs and energy saved in the production process, also that the jobs produced by the recycling industry production, can be a poor trade for the jobs lost in logging, mining and other industries associated with virgin production, and that the materials such as paper pulp can only be recycled few times before material degradation prevents further recycling. Proponents of recycling counter each of these claims, and the validity of arguments from both sides led to enduring controversy. History Early recycling: recycling has been a common practice for most of human history, which recorded advocates as far back as Plato in 400 BC (Greek, 428/427 BC 348/347 BC, was a Classical Greek philosopher, mathematician, writer of philosophical dialogues.Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. Along with his mentor, Socrates, and his student, Aristotle, Plato helped to lay the foundations of natural philosophy, science, and Western philosophy. Plato was originally a student of Socrates). During periods when resources were scarce, archeological studies of ancient waste dumps show less household waste ( such as ash, broken tools and pottery)- implying more waste was being recycled in the absence of new material. In pre-industrial times, there is evidence of scrap bronze and other metals being collected in Europe and melted down for perpetual reuse. In Britain dust and ash from wood and coal fires was collected by dustmen and downcycled as a base material use in brick making. The main driver for these types of recycling was the economic advantage of obtaining recycled feedstock instead of acquiring virgin material, as well as a lack of public waste removal in ever more densely populated areas. Wartime recycling Resource shortages caused by the world was, on other such world-changing ocurrences greatly encouraged recycling. Massive government promotion campaigns were carried out in the World War II in every country involved in the war, urging citizens to donate metals and conserve fibre, as a matter of signigicant patriotic importance. Resource conservation programs established during the war were continued in some contries without an abundance of natural resources, such as Japan, after the war ended. Post-war recycling The next big investment in recycling occured in the 1970s, due to rising energy costs. Recycling aluminium use only 5% of the energy required by virgin production, glass, paper and metals have less dramatic but very significant energy savings when recyclind feedstock is used. Process Collection: A number of different systems have been implemented to collect recyclables from general waste stream. These systems tend to lie along the spectrum of trade-off between public convenience and government ease and expense. The three main categories of collestion are drop-off centres and curbside collection. Dro-off centres require the waste producer to carry the recyclables to central location, either and installed or mobile collection station for the reprocessing plant itself. They are the easiest type of collection to establish, but suffer from low and unpredictable throughput. Buy-back centres differ in that the cleaned recyclables are purchased, thus providing a clear incentive for use and creating a stable supply. The subsides are necessary to make buy-back centres a viable enterprise. Curbside collection: Curbside collection encompasses many subtly different systems, which differ mostly on where in the process the recyclables are sorted and cleaned. The main categories are mixed waste collection, commingled recyclables and source separation. A waste collection vehicule generally picks up the waste. At one end to the spectrum is mixed waste collection, in which all recyclables are collected mixed in with the rest of the waste, and the desired material is then sorted out and cleaned at a central sorting facility. This results in a large amount of recyclable waste, paper especially, being too soiled to reprocess but has advantages as well, the city need to pay for a separate collection of recyclables and not public education is needed. Any changes to which materials are recyclable is easy to accomodate as all sorting happens in a central location. In a commingled or single- stream system, all recyclables for collection are mixed but kept separate from other waste. This greatly reduces the need for post-collection cleaning but does require public education on what materials are recyclable. Source separation is the other extreme, where each material is cleaned and sorted prior to collection. This method requires the last post-collection sorting and produces the purest recyclables, but incurs additional operating costs for collection of each separate material. An extensive public education program is also required, which must be successful if recyclables contamination is to be avoided. Source separation used to be the preferred method due to the high sorting costs incurred by commingled collection. Advances in sorting technology (explained in Sorting paragrapgh below), however, have lowered this overhead substantially-many areas which had developed source separation programs have since switched to commingled collection. Sorting: Once commingled recyclables are collected and delivered to a central collection facility, the different types of materials must be sorted. This is done in a series of stages, many of which involve automated process such as the truck-load of material can be fully sorted in less than an hour. Some plants can now sort the materials automatically, known as Singke Stream. A 30% increase in recycling rates has been seen in the areas where these plants exist. Initially the commingled recyclables are removed from the collection vehicle and placed on a conveyor belt spread out in a single layer. Large pieces of cardboard and plactic bags are removed by hand at this stage, as they can cause later machinery to jam. Next automated machinary separates the recyclables by weight, splitting lighter paper and plastic from heavier glass and metal. Cardboard is removed from the mixed paper, and the most common types of plastic, PET(#1) and HPDE (#2), are collected. This separation is usually done by hand, but has become automated in some sorting centres, a spectroscopic scanner is used to differentiate between different types pf paper and plastic based on the absorbed wavelenghts (lenght of wave cycle), and subsequently divert each material into the proper collection channel. Strong magnets are used to separate out ferrous metals, such as iron, steel, and thin-plated steel cans (tin cans). Non-ferrous metals are ejected by magnetic eddy currents in which a rotating magnetic field induces an electric current around the aluminium cans, which in turn creates a magnetic eddy current inside the cans. This magnetic eddy current is repulsed by a large magnetic field, and the cans are ejected from the rest of the recyclable stream. Finally, glass must be sorted by hand based on its color: brown, amber, green or clear. Common recyclables Many different materials can be recycled but each type requires different technique. Aggregates and concretes: Concrete aggregate collected from demolition sites is put through a crushing machine, often along with asphalt, bricks, dirt, and rocks. Smaller pieces of concrete are used as gravel for new construction projects. Crushed recycled concrete can also be used as the dry aggregate for brand new concrete if it is free of contaminants. This reduces the need for other rocks to be dug up, which in turn saves trees and habitats. Batteries: The large variation in size and type of batteries makes their recycling extremely difficult, they must first be sorted into similar kinds and each kind requires an individual process. Additionally, older batteries contain mercury and cadmium (mettalic chemical element), harmful materials which must be handled with care. Because of their potential environmental damage, proper disposal of used batteries is required by law in many areas. Unfortunately, this mandate has been difficult to enforce. Lead-acid batteries, like those used in automobiles, are relatively easy to recycle. Biodegradable waste: Kitchen, garden, and other green waste can be recycled into useful material by composting. This process allows natural aerobic material to break down the waste into fertile topsoil. Must composting is done on a household scale, but municipal green-waste collection programs also exist. The programs can supplement their funding by selling the topsoil produced. Clothing: Recycling clothe via consignment or swapping has become increasingly popular. In a clothing swap, a group of people gather at a venue to exchange clothes amongst each other. Electronics disassembly and reclamation: The direct disposal of electrical equipment, such as old computers and mobile phones, is banned in many areas due to toxic contents of certain components. The recycling process works by mechanically separating the metals, plastics, and circuit boards contained in the appliance. When this is done on a large scale at an electronic waste recycling plant, component recovery can be archived in cost-effective. Ferrous metals: Iron and steel are the worlds most recycled materials, and among the easiest to reprocess, as they can be separated magnetically from the waste stream. Recycling is via a steelworks, scrap is either remelted in an electric arc furmace (90-100%scrap), or used as the part of the charge in a basic Oxygen furnace (around 25%). Any grade of steel can be recycled to top quality new metals, with no downgrading from prime to lower quality materials as steel is recycled repeatedly. 42% of crude steel product is recycled material. Non-ferrous metals: Aluminium is the most efficient and widely-recycled materials. Aluminium is shredded and ground into small pieces or crushed into bales. These pieces or bales are melted in an aluminium smelter to produce molten aluminium. By this stage the recycled aluminium is indistinguishable from virgin aluminium and further processin is identical for both. This process does not produce any change in the metal, so aluminium can be recycled indefinitely. Recycling aluminium saves 95% of the energy cost of processing new aluminium. This is because the temperature necessary for melting recycled, nearly pure, aluminium is 600 Â °C, while to extract mined aluminium from its ore requires 900 Â °C. To reach this higher temperature, much more energy is needed, leading to the high environmental benefits of environmental benefits of aluminium recycling. Also the energy saved by recycling one aluminium can is enough to run a television for 3 hours. Glass: Glass bottles and jars are gathered then sorted into color categories. The collected glass cullet is taken to a glass recycling plant where it is monitored for purity and contaminants are removed. The cullet is crushed and added to a raw material mix in a melting furnace. It is then mechanically blown or molded into new jars or bottles. Glass cullet is also used in the construction industry for aggregate and glassphalt. Glassphalt is a road-laying material which comprises around 30% recycled glass. Glass can be recycled indefinitely as its structure does not deteriorate when reprocessed. Paper: Paper can be recycled by reducing it to pulp and combining it with pulp from newly harvested wood. As the recycling process causes the paper fibres to break down, each time paper is recycled its quality decreases. This means that either a higher percentage of new fibres must be added, or the paper downcycled into lower quality products. Any writing or colouration of the paper must first be removed by deinking, which also removes fillers, clays, and fibre fragments. Almost all paper can be recycled today, but some types are harder to recycle than others. Paper coated with plastic or aluminium foil, and paper that are waxed, pasted, or gummed are usually not recycled because the process is too expensive. Gift-wrap paper also cannot be recycled due to its already poor quality. Plastic: Plastic recycling is the process of recovering scrap or waste plastics and reprocessing the material into useful products. Compared to glass or metallic materials, plastic poses unique challenges. Because of the massive number of types of plastic, they each carry a resin identification code, and must be sorted before they can be recycled. This can be costly, while metals can be sorted using electromagnets, not such easy sorting capability exists for plastics. In addition to this, while labels do not need to be removed from bottles for recycling, lids are often made from a different kind of non-recyclable plastic. To help in identifying the materials in various plastic items, resin identification code numbers 1-6 have been assigned to six common kinds of recyclable plastic resins, with the number 7 indicating any other kind of plastic, whether recyclable or not. Standardized symbols are available incorporating each of these resin codes. Textiles: When considering textile recycling one must understand what the material consists of most textiles are composites of cotton (biodegradable material) and synthetic plastics. The textiles composition will affect its durability and method of recycling. Workers sort and separate collected textiles into good quality clothing and shoes which can be reused or worn. There is a trend of moving these facilities from developed countries to developing countries either for charity or sold for cheaper price. Usually, international organisations collect used textiles from developed countries as a donation to those third world countries. This recycling practice is encouraged because it helps to reduce unwanted waste while providing clothing to those in need. Damaged textiles are further sorted into grades to make industrial wiping cloths and use in paper manufacture or material suitable for fibre reclamation and filling products. If textile reprocessors receive wet or soiled clothes however, these may still disposed of in a landfill, as the washing and drying facilities are not present at sorting units. Wood: Recycling wood has become popular due to its image as an environmentally friendly product, with consumers commonly beleiving that by purchasing recycling wood the demand will fall and ultimately benefit the environment. The arrival of recycled wood as a construction product has been important in both raising industry and consumer awarness towards deforestation and promoting wood mills to adopt environmentally friendly practices. Other techniques: Several other materials are also commonly recycled, frequently at an industrial level. Ship breaking is one example that has associated environmental, health, and safety risks for the area where the operation takes place, balancing all these considerations is a environmental justice problem. Tyre recycling is also common. Used tyres can be added to asphalt for producing road surfaces or to make rubber much used on playgrounds for safety. There are also often used as the insulation and heat absorbing/releasing material in specially constructed homes known as earthships.

Ghost Story of Bloody Mary :: Ghost Stories Urban Legends

Bloody Mary I remember enacting an urban ritual with my friends back in middle school. Giggling and squealing, running in and out of the bathroom, not really believing but still terrified by the possibilities. It was less a story with a moral than it was just a sleepover prank. Needless to say I wasn’t surprised that when I asked a roommate to relate an urban legend to me over lunch one day that she chose that of â€Å"Bloody Mary." The storyteller is a 20 year old woman studying psychology at the University. She transferred to school after one semester at another college. She is of French descent and her parents speak French at home. She has conservative to moderate political beliefs and is Lutheran, although does not regularly attend religious services while she is at school. She is in a long distance relationship with her boyfriend of two years who is in the Navy and stationed at Virginia Beach. When prompted for a story she was initially hesitant but finally responded with, â€Å"‘Bloody Mary’, I guess.† You’re supposed to like, go into the bathroom in front of the mirror and turn around saying â€Å"Bloody Mary† three times. Then she’s supposed to come. I asked what happened after that and she replied with a mouthful of food, â€Å"She kills you.† This story was told; it seemed, with the assumption that I should know the story. As if it was more a matter of public knowledge than a personal story. This was an accurate assumption on her part as not only had I heard the story many times before, but I also found frequent references to it online. The narrative from my storyteller differed slightly from others I read online, be it the number of times â€Å"Bloody Mary† was chanted or supplementary actions that were or were not included, each story had slightly different elements. "Bloody Mary† is often confused with Mary I, the queen of England from 1553-1558 who restored Roman Catholicism to England, which resulted in many Protestants being burnt at the stake as heretics. While she was referred to as â€Å"Bloody Mary†, in very few variations is it the queen who appears in the bathroom mirror (Mikkelson & Mikkelson). Some stories identify Mary as a woman specific to the storyteller’s own community, such as a girl killed in a local car crash or other such tragic accident. In other cases Mary is just a woman of myth; an executed witch, a woman murdered on her wedding night, a mother who killed her children, some tragic or horrific figure that appears in a mirror upon being summoned (â€Å"Bloody Mary [person]†).

Fertilizer Recommendation Based on Soil Chemical Analysis in Caco

SUMMARY Fertilization Recommendations Based on Soil Chemical Analysis Cacao farm folk (Theobroma cacao L. ) in South Sulawesi, North Luwu, Reski Nur Fatimah AM * K4120787, 2010. 50 pages, Based on Guidance, PU: Ir. Abdul Madjid, MP ** and DPA: Ir. Sugiyarto, MP ***, Department of Agribusiness Management from the State Polytechnic of Jember. One of the biggest areas of cocoa farmers in Indonesia, North Luwu. One of the important problems in the cultivation of cocoa is fertilization.Lack of fertilizer recommendation, especially in the cocoa plantation owned by the people affected by the lack of soil fertility. The purpose of this research is to provide information to cocoa farmers, especially cocoa farmers of the people residing in North Luwu on fertilizer recommendation in accordance with chemical analysis of soil fertilization activities do so more effectively and efficiently. Thus, soil fertility County North luwu increased and so did their cocoa production. Method p|Indonesian to E nglish (Alternative 2)| Recommendation SUMMARY of fertilisers, soil chemical analysis Gardens Cocoa (Theobroma cacao l. ) People in North Luwu, South Sulawesi Reski Noor Fatima m. * K4120787, 2010. 50 pages, under the direction, MPW: IR. Abdul Majid, MP ** and DPA: Il. Sugiyarto, Deputy of ***, Department of agribusiness management from State Polytechnic of Jember. One of the largest areas of cocoa farmers in Indonesia, North Luwu. An important problem in cocoa cultivation of fertilizer.Lack of fertilizer recommendations, especially in the cocoa plantations refers to people who suffered from the lack of soil fertility. The aim of this study is to provide information for farmers in cocoa, cocoa farmers especially people living in North Luwu fertilizer recommendations in accordance with the chemical analysis of soil fertilizer do so more efficiently and effectively. Thus, soil district North luwu grew and so did his cocoa. Method r| Indonesian to English (Alternative 3)| Recommendatio ns of fertilization summary based on chemical soil gardens cocoa analysis (Theobroma cacao l. people in the North of South Sulawesi Luwu, Reski Nur Fatima AM * K4120787, 2. 010,50 page, under the direction, Ministry of public works: Madjid Ir. Abdul, MP * and DPA: go. Sugiyarto, MP * Department of management of agribusiness of the State Polytechnic Jember. One of the largest areas of Indonesia North Luwu cocoa farmers. A major problem in the cultivation of cocoa is fertilization. The lack of recommendation of fertilizers, especially in the cocoa plantations belonging to people affected by the lack of soil fertility.This research aims to provide information to farmers in cocoa, especially farmers in cocoa of residents in North Luwu recommendation fertilizers in accordance with the chemical analysis of soil fertilization activities make it more effective and efficient. Therefore, the North County soil fertility luwu increase as its cocoa production. Method p| Indonesian to English (Al ternative 1)| Training methods including soil sampling people's cocoa plantation in North Luwu and direct interviews with farmers, then do the analysis of N, P, K, BO, CEC, pH, BV in soil samples in the laboratory soil State Polytechnic of Jember.Determine fertilizer recommendation based on soil analysis samples. Results of analysis and recommendations can be concluded that: (1) soil chemical properties in the cocoa plantations of the people is less ideal for the ideal cocoa plantation (2) Availability of soil nutrients in cocoa plantations of the people in North Luwu relatively very low (3) Recommendation fertilization of cocoa in accordance with the results Chemical analysis of soil for production may be optimal.Keywords: Recommendation, fertilization, Soil Chemical Analysis, North Luwu, People's Cocoa Plantation, Soil Fertility, Nutrition. * Students ** Cacao Agribusiness Concentration lecturer at the Polytechnic of Jember *** The teaching staff at the State Polytechnic of Jember | Indonesian to English (Alternative 2)| Implementation methods include sampling soil the cocoa plantations of popular in North Luwu and direct interviews with farmers, then make the analysis of N, P, K, Bo, CEC, pH, BV in soil samples in laboratory soil State Polytechnic of Jember.Define fertilizer recommendations are based on soil sampling analysis results. Analysis and recommendations, it can be concluded that: (1) chemical properties of soil on the cocoa plantations of people less ideal for cocoa plantations are ideal (2) the availability of nutrients in the soil the cocoa estates of people in North Luwu relatively very low (3) Recommendation fertilization cocoa, in accordance with the results of chemical analysis of soil for production may be optimal.Keywords: recommendations, fertilizers, chemical analysis of soils, North Luwu, cocoa plantations, soil, nutrients. * Students * Cocoa agribusiness Concentration of the Faculty of the Polytechnic of Jember *** teachers in State Pol ytechnical University of Jember| Indonesian to English (Alternative 3)| Methods include the exercise of sampling of soil the cocoa plantations in North Luwu and direct interviews with farmers, and then make an analysis of N, P, K, BO, CCA, pH, BV in soil samples in the laboratory of soil Jember State Polytechnic.Determine the recommendation of fertilizers based on the results of analysis of the soil samples. The results of the analysis and recommendations can be concluded that: (1) the chemical properties of soil in people cocoa plantations is less ideal for cocoa plantations are ideal (2) the availability of nutrients in farms of ground cocoa of the people in the North relatively very low Luwu (3) recommendations fertilization cocoa, according to the results of chemical analysis of soil for the production may be optimal.Keywords: recommendation, fertilization, chemical analysis of soil, North Luwu, cocoa plantations, the fertility of the soil, Popular nutrients. * * Cocoa concentra tion agribusiness Jember polytechnic education students * teachers in the Polytechnic School of the State of Jember|

Equal Opportunities for Women’s Career

Women often experience male dominated barriers when they seek to rise to the top of organization ranks. Despite the moves that have been made for equal opportunity employment, men and women that start in the same job often are not paid equally, and do not advance at the same rate. In a male dominated business world, the women are seen as weaker, less intelligent, passive, fragile, with a lack of commitment to their career often because of family obligations. Managers often form alliances with those that tend to have the same background and lifestyle as themselves, since women are seen as different they cannot bond with those upper level managers and often get overlooked when new management positions are open. (Maume p. 483) The glass-ceiling is the lack of mobility for women in careers, due to prejudices against women†s ability to perform as well as men. Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1991, known as the Glass Ceiling act, established the glass ceiling commission to study and make recommendations about eliminating the barriers and to create opportunities to advance women and minorities. If men hold the higher positions, choosing who is most suitable for promotion it is likely that women will remain in the minority with power positions. Women often move into male jobs either because market conditions force employees to reach down into the labor queue to hire women or because men reevaluate and then vacate jobs. (Maume p. 483) Traditionally women are offer less opportunity for training than males, if women are not getting equal education for a company then it cannot simply be gender that may later cause poor performance in a higher management position. Training is often expensive, since companies as a whole feel that women are more concerned with family priorities they offer it to those they believe will stay the longest and in their (male) minds be most attentive, the men. Studies show that after 12 years 56% of white men will be waiting for promotions with 44% already advanced, while 85% of white women and 93% of black women will remain waiting for a promotion. Maume p483) Some men often feel that the glass ceiling does simply not exist and that women†s over all performance has been causing the divide in distribution of power. One example of this view is an article that was printed in Men†s Health magazine, although this is not scholarly it provided insight to the propaganda that is kept alive by men to other men. The article was titled â€Å"The Glass Ceiling has been shattered† and went on to describe that women were simply inferior in management positions. The writer Jeffrey Csatari believes that men did not build the glass ceiling. It was built by women†s poor performance, he sighted a study in the University of Minnesota that found female managers tend to hire timid and self effacing employees with no corporate potential, as opposed to male counterparts who hired self assertive and competent employees. (Csatari p. 43) This article was published in a national men†s magazine, with no mention about the training level of the managers studied, it may be variables in the training they were provided or job experiece rather than gender that caused the differences in employee choice. Men made the study standard, which made the test biased since men were writing the rules of which employee would be successful and which would fail, perhaps women do not simply make decisions on what is said but are closely attentive to body language as well. The economist Solomon Polachek holds a hypothesis that each occupation has a rate of atrophy that job skills depreciate with lack of use. Earnings power declines at atrophy, therefore if women plan to participate inconsistantly in the labor market they would best benefit from jobs with low atrophy rates like teaching and service work. Duncan p. 479) These jobs are often classified as women†s jobs, which have a traditionally lower starting salary than male jobs. If the view that Mr. Polachek holds were universal than it would make advancement for women almost impossible if they planned to have families and take off work for any period of time. Differences in male and female preferences in jobs do exist however and can account for some of the inequality in the business world. The Hawthorne Studies of the 1930†³s and studies since have shown that women choose positions that are more meaningful, with positive social relations as opposed to males that choose careers on basis of income potential. (Tolbert p168) The traditional views of women as the supporting partner and the man as the primary earner have become barriers for women that would like to advance. Job desegregation does not yet exist wide spread however, there has been occupational desegregation. Women have been entering into traditionally male jobs in increasing numbers. When a job gets a majority of female occupants the occupation tends to become a female â€Å"ghetto† with the males moving on to higher paying positions within that field. (England p17) The government has passed laws but women as a whole have to strive to break the perceptions men hold of their abilities. The double duties of women at work along with their life after hours, with household duties along with childcare should be examples of the strength of women†s abilities not as just a weakness. The alternative that men would like to perpetuate is that women should be more like men. Women are responding to the challenge of the workplace, some are moving to the higher levels, but through much adversity. The choice of many women is to start their own businesses such as Mary Kay cosmetics, and Avon that is female dominated. The abilities of a person to succeed are not rooted in their gender but in the individual goals and knowledge. Women are typically being kept from the higher level positions by men that consider only other males their peers, and women as inferior. If women have to strive to be more like men to advance in business, does this mean that they are to stop producing children and forgo the family that males are entitled to in order to achieve the equality that they deserve. Hopefully, women will be able to achieve both career and family without having to sacrifice one for the other, or be seen as weak. The ability to be a mother is a sign of dedication, commitment, and strength not weakness, as males believe.

The New Super Power essays

The New Super Power essays What is the debate on weather or not China should retain favored-nation trading status all about? Is it really a decision on what is best economically for the United States, and China. Or is it: the issue of Chinese human rights violations and the fact that if the United States where to revoke the favored nation status of China it would have a profound negative impact on the U.S. economy alone. (+)Most-favored-nation trade status started in the United States as a version of the European preferential trade system. The Carter Administration first granted most-favored-nation trading status to China in 1980, following the historic efforts of President Nixon during the 1970s to restore diplomatic ties. Historically, a significant difference existed between the unconditional most-favored-nation clause in European trade law and the American version of conditional most-favored-nation. Under unconditional most-favored-nation status, one country's extension of tariff concessions guarantees the same concessions to all nations associated with it through commercial treaties. American conditional most-favored-nation status provided treaty signatories only the opportunity to negotiate most-favored-nation status when most-favored-nation status was extended to another trading partner. Thus meaning that the United States gives significant economic advantages to one nation in the form of mo st-favored-nation trading status. Under the Trade Act of 1974, most-favored-nation status could only be granted to China through a Sino-American bilateral commercial agreement and satisfaction of the Jackson-Vanik Amendment requirements. The Jackson-Vanik amendment states that the President of the United States may grant a communist country such as China most-favored-nation trade status if it was in conjunction with a trade agreement and upon proper improvement that China would permit emigration. Also China would have to satisfy that they are moving tow...

Platos thoughts about education

Platos thoughts about education The modern governing system is a complex network of political parties, and the work of such parties involves moving towards the administration and order in the country. Very often, there are inequalities in the rulings of the governments and social divisions.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on Plato’s thoughts about education specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The battle between different classes in society, democracy, human rights and the type of government are born through people having private property and the amount, as well as quality of the said attributes connected to the government and its goals. Plato was one amongst several famous thinkers who extensively spoke about government, its types and how the social life and education were all interconnected within a civilized nation. The reality of today shows that there are many people who possess much more than is needed for the necessities of life. This can be said about any society, as there are always people who are more successful than a large portion of the population and this is true of any nation. Modernization has changed the world, as such, information and knowledge- education, is beginning to play the most important role in the governance and understanding of politics and how the world works. Plato’s thoughts about education focused on the search for talented people and then giving them best education. Then, these people will be running the country because they are better skilled and educated. The state or government will be responsible for giving education to the children and so, the people will get the learning and training that the government and society must have for a well-balanced population. Arts, music and moral development were key points in Plato’s understanding of the learning process which leads to proper governance. Both Aristotle and Plato believed that people must be well educated for the state and benefit of society. Aristotle’s strategy in education, on the other hand, is more structured and repetitive, and it is a good thing because it makes a person used to the order. But human nature is a big part of learning process and a person must trust his or her own feelings and thoughts.Advertising Looking for book review on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Plato’s â€Å"Republic† is filled with moral questions that pertain to forms of government and the most rightful way of carrying out order. One of the problems of the governmental system is that it is centralized; this leads to an inability to closely detail the issues that are the concern of localities and communities. The government should adhere to the issues of the society and the needs of majority. It is extremely difficult to analyze the necessities of people when the physical and moral location is so far away. The workin g class is forced to exist down below, as they have no voice and ability to spring to power. This type of life was existent before and is still continuing. People are very much limited by their resources and ability to voice an opinion that will be heard. One of the most important aspects of any national and working class movement is the organization. The population must be educated on the current issues and unite with the common goal. The main point is to establish a democratic government. It is also desired that countries increase their standards to the international level and join in the mission to help others. This is the time when the developed and the developing worlds should come together in the common direction towards democracy and world peace. This can be seen as a globalization of the world but without the negative effect, which is usually attributed to globalization, in destroying the fabric of the country and its culture. Presently, the countries that are members of NAT O are all liberal market democracies and the decisions taken are usually put forward by the richest members. Moreover, in finding ways on how to address the poorer nations and help them find new ways of functioning, the members simply try to include their participation in the market economy, instead of helping directly. As Plato’s views are reflected in Aristotle’s writings on constitution and government, it is clear that the best type of government is where people have their rights and freedoms protected, and the government exists for the people. As such, the implementation of certain conditions that would require a country to change economic and political set up and act as a tradeoff between people and rulers, it could be one the best avenues to take.Advertising We will write a custom book review sample on Plato’s thoughts about education specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is greatly noticeable that the cooper ation between the counties and nation with democracy is beneficial to the partnering nations or each individual one. Comparing to the countries where there is anarchy, people live for constant fight with the hope to someday attain victory. The political system of the world makes cooperation very hard but not impossible. One of the most important aspects of democracy between democratic countries, are the citizens and the opinions and relationship they have with the government. It is obvious that even in the ancient times people realized that democracy and parliament are the best primary form of government, while the cooperation and unions of countries and nations is the second step in world unification. Classical conservatives define true national freedom as a privilege that must be controlled from reaching chaotic behaviors. Freedom itself is a good thing but when people are allowed to do whatever they want, they start to act in their own interests and to the detriment of society. T he government exists, so that it places certain restrains on the individuals in their actions. It must be a part of the orderly system that acts in the greater good of the whole society. The government is beneficial, as it sets criteria on what people can and cannot do, in a civilized manner, thus contributing to the freedom of everyone equally. Aristotle transfers over an idea that was shared with Plato, which is a form of â€Å"personal† relationship with the state or government. There must be a mutual and beneficial relationship between the two, as royalty and trust are an intricate part of any action. The liberals suggest that a government is true when it acts in the greatest benefit of people, works towards disarming of the military while conservatives apt for armed control.Advertising Looking for book review on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More There has been an idea that in case disarming does take place, if there was a chance of war breaking out, the peaceful countries would gather their forces in advance. This would create a great amount of force and deter any violent conflict. In the study of the reasons why democracies have the right idea, realism is the method that is used most often. It is governed by the criteria that all states move towards power and security, while having an anarchic system. And in reality, it is the international system and not the governments themselves that determines the policies of a country. There were several studies that tried to find out the real reason why there was no open conflict between democracies. Some research showed that alongside war there were questionable conditions: civil strife, trade practice, covert subversion. At the same time, there was crisis-management, alliance membership, international treaties and dispute mediation. In reality, it is hard to establish if the democr atic countries are more perfect. There has been countless research that tried to prove if this fact is indeed true. The results showed controversial information; with some even being that this statement is not true. The problem lies in the times that these researches were carried out and the way the society and the world organizations defined proper state of affairs, conflict and peace. Very often, it was said that the only thing that these countries avoided, was openly violent conflict. Throughout history the government has exhibited certain qualities that stay the same even in the modern days. People are always demanding better lives and the governments come up with reasons why these demands cannot be met. In the end, the social battle is between two organizations. The government which has all the resources, power and control and the social class that struggles to make ends meet and support the order and proper ways of life. There are people that know things re supposed to be, and they are thought of as the great thinkers. It is a sad truth, but it should be the other way around, people with great ideas in the government, instead of as outsiders and simple folk.

Inspirational Sales Quotes

Inspirational Sales Quotes Are you looking for inspirational quotes on selling? Sometimes you have to look past the numbers to find the philosophy behind making the sale. Is your sales staff motivated enough, or could they use a wake-up call?   Who better to inspire salespeople than those who have achieved  success in their fields? Whether its entertainment, sports, or life in general, the wisdom of others who have triumphed over adversity is always a source of inspiration. Here is a collection of quotes to help motivate you to think about sales in different ways. Remember, closing the deal is about more than just the bottom line or the end result. Sometimes its about the journey to get there. Quotes From Oprah Winfrey About Success Its worth putting Oprah in her own category because any woman who is known the world over only by her first name is definitely doing something right. The talk show host and award-winning actress became a media empire unto herself through sheer grit and determination. Her success came after overcoming a difficult childhood and struggling with her health and her weight under intense public scrutiny. And Oprah has had plenty to say about success. Here are some of her most memorable quotes.   Think like a queen. A queen is not afraid to fail. Failure is another stepping stone to greatness.Real integrity is doing the right thing, knowing that nobodys going to know whether you did it or not.The key to realizing a dream is to focus not on success but on significance. Then even the small steps and little victories along your path will take on greater meaning. Quotes From Others to Inspire Sales Closing the deal is intimidating, but it doesnt have to be overwhelming. Get your game face on and take inspiration from some of these quotes about winning attitudes. Remember, you only have to succeed the last time. -Brian Tracy, writer and inspirational speakerSeek out that particular mental attribute which makes you feel most deeply and vitally alive, along with which comes the inner voice which says, This is the real me, and when you have found that attitude, follow it. -William James, doctor and philosopherThere are two kinds of people: those who do the work and those who take the credit. Try to be in the first group. There is less competition there. -Indira Gandhi, the first female prime minister of IndiaSetting an example is not the main means of influencing others; it is the only means. -Albert Einstein, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics who developed the theory of relativityShow class, have pride, and display character. If you do, winning takes care of itself. -Paul William Bear Bryant, record-setting college football coachShow me someone who has done something worthwhile, and Ill show you someone who has overcome adversity. -Lou Holtz , college football coach and broadcaster It always seems impossible until its done. -Nelson Mandela, anti-apartheid activist who became president of South Africa

Employee Relations Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 4

Employee Relations - Term Paper Example As a general rule, under the Fair Work Act of 2009, unfair dismissal happens when an employee has been dismissed from his or her job but the dismissal was â€Å"harsh, unjust or unreasonable,† â€Å"not consistent with the Small Business Fair Dismissal Code† and â€Å"was not a case of genuine redundancy† (S.385). All these instances shall be determined by Fair Work Australia (FWA). The determination, however, shall depend on the facts and circumstances surrounding each case. The FWA is given the authority to evaluate to its satisfaction the respective allegations of the employer and employee with regard to the root cause of the dismissal. In such case, if the FWA is satisfied that the case is one of unfair dismissal, it will give due accord to the employee’s claim and if not, it will dismiss the claim in favor of the employer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã ‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   FWA will dismiss an application due to either of the following grounds: (1) â€Å"application is not made in accordance with the Act† (2) it â€Å"is frivolous or vexatious† (3) it â€Å"has no reasonable prospects of success† (S.587 (1)). In Ms. Toni Potter vs. Darwin City Council, [2010] FWA 6129, FWA dismissed Potter’s application for unfair dismissal remedy. The FWA commissioner deemed the application as inappropriate since the substantive issues of the case had already been settled (â€Å"Potter vs. Darwin City Council,† 2010, para. 62). To provide a clear case of dismissal, the law enumerates the instances when an individual is considered to have been dismissed or not from his or her employment. In such delineation, the employer’s fault is emphasized as well as the importance of complying with the terms and conditions contained in a contract of employment. As stated, if â€Å"the person’s employment has been terminated on the employer’s initiative or the person has resigned from his or her employment, but was forced to do so because of conduct, or a course of conduct engaged in by his or her employer,† that individual is said to have been dismissed (S.386 (1)).

Government grants for alternative energy research Proposal

Government grants for alternative energy - Research Proposal Example Moreover, in case of a successful research, state can export the resources to gain wealth and improve relations with other countries. It will also provide the country with a more self-sufficient structure of its own and external facilitation in terms of loans and aids will be significantly reduced (Gibilisco, 234). The alternative energy is a vast range of possibilities and so this research will only focus the energy derived from hydropower i.e. water. An important reason for this selection is the surplus availability of water due to the presence of the coastline. Once the literature review is complete, further narrowing of the topic can take place. For instance what sort of water etc. Nevertheless, by what is thoroughly known presently, it is safe to say that the research will analyze the efficiency of seawater from the south shore as an energy source. It will also extend to observing the hazards faced by the sea life and the civilians in case of execution and measures that could be performed to lessen the hazardous effects. Works Cited Gibilisco, S. Alternative energy demystified, McGraw-Hill Professional, 2006. Simon C. A.

Leadership degree level Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leadership degree level - Essay Example This compels junior employees to trust the manager with the problems of the facility thus making the manager adequately informed. Additionally, the manager requires a friendly personality to enable interaction with other top-level managers who are often the policy makers. This way the mid-level manager influences he policies that govern the organization (PETRICK & QUINN, 1997). 3. Management is one of the most vital components in an organization. A manager conceives and supervises the implementation of the day-to-day operational policies of an organization. In doing this, managers perfume a number of functions including planning, organizing and controlling the resources of the organization in order to achieve the set objectives of the firm. In doing this, managers must posse a number of skills key among which is versatility. This refers to the ability to adapt to different situations and work with different people within a short period. Time is normally of essence in the management p rocess and managers therefore need to possess the proactive personality (Thomas & Michael, 2001). One, which is capable of identifying problems and immediately conceptualize a solution. Proactive personality unlike the reactive personality foresees the probable problem and works out the possible solutions thereby cushioning the organization from incurring losses. 4. The position of a store manager is integral in the operation of the organization. A store manager plans for the resources kept in the store and provides a detailed account of their daily condition and ability to work efficiently. As a store manager, therefore one requires a number of basic management skills key among which include the dedicated personality. 5. Management is tedious and therefore requires dedication to ensure that one completes his tasks in time. Dedication to the organization results in the development of the spirit of patriotism. Such a feeling is motivational since it makes one become more accountable with the resources at the organization thereby preventing any form of wastage or misappropriation of the organization’s resources. In retrospect, the spirit of patriotism natures a more accountable personality within the managers thereby ensuring the conservative use of the resources. Such a personality is of immense importance to a store manager since he accounts for every resources that leaves the store. 6. A proactive individual is industrious and portrays commitment in his roles at the organization. Proactivity is the ability to predict future situations and therefore make present decisions to influence the productivity of the future. This requires adequate research skills and the ability for one to commit to the job in order to carry out such effective market researches. It is important for managers to commit to their duties since the position includes the management of all other resources including the human resource. The human resources present different personalities and are often numerous yet they all require effective understanding. The store manager is in control of all the organization’s resources and works with numerous other human resources to ensure the completion of the daily assignment. This requires commitment to develop favorable policies that motivate the labor and encourage the appropriate management of the other resources. Question 2 Action plan Month 1 and 2 The plan runs for a duration of six months, a time within

No selected topic yet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

No selected topic yet - Essay Example Extreme heat waves is one of the many health effects of global warming. For instance in 2003, it claimed 70,000 lives in Europe alone. Bad air, allergy and asthma are part of the health issues. Global warming increases smog pollution some areas and intensify pollen allergies and asthma. Other issue associated with global warming are infectious diseases, food and waterborne infection outbreaks. Warming temperatures, irregular periods of deluges and droughts, as well as ecosystem disruptions have contributed to more extensive outbreaks of contagious diseases, such as malaria and dengue fever, which at any point affects the economy of the country in one way or the other. Rising global temperatures speed up the melting of ice caps and glaciers and cause premature ice thaw on rivers and seas. This causes a rise in sea level, hence flooding is increased, which, affects living organisms dearly (Archer, 10). Global warming is a problem to be addressed seriously by all countries and governments in the world. Failure to put serious, practical measures to end the situation may result into long-term effects to both human beings, wildlife, and the environment at

3 questions to be answered Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

3 questions to be answered - Essay Example The strain is caused by the unexpected change in the number of patients requiring attention and care (Kaplan, Sadler and Little). Such changes may strain the organization’s infrastructure and lead to serious challenges to the organization if there is not government support for the operations. Natural calamities are uncontrollable and may lead to displacement of a large population while also encouraging the outbreak of vector borne diseases that may spread faster. Global or international conflicts may lead to war which affects political stability and the provision of the necessary services. Peace facilitates easier accessibility to the affected population, but if the area is marred with conflict the cost of operation may be increased due to the engagement of security personnel in the process. Conflicts pose a greater challenge than natural calamity because of it is influenced by the action of the state or individuals within the government. They may intimidate the population requiring the medical attention (Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare organizations). For example, the Alshabaab militia group forced the population not to engage in vaccination which in turn affected children’s health. Such actions in conflict areas led to poor health among the population. In addition, the organization working in the area is forced to leave as a result of intimidation. Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare organizations. Health Care at the Crossroads: strategies for creating and sustaining community-wide Emergency preparedness Systems. New York: Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare organizations, 2002. Online Kaplan, Susan, et al. Can Sustainable Hospitals Help Bend the Health Care Cost Curve? 12 November 2012. 25 November 2012 .

Time-Driven ABC and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) articles Essay

Time-Driven ABC and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) articles analysis - Essay Example After realizing that this technique consumes a lot of time, Kaplan and Anderson improved on it and developed a new method known as Time-driven Activity Based Costing (TDABC). This technique uses information from Enterprise Resource Planning System (ERP) to assign costs to products and services directly and in a less costly manner (Kaplan, & Anderson, 2005). This paper will analyze the drawbacks of ABC that made Kaplan to develop TDABC and the relationship between TDABC and ERP. The drawbacks of ABC that led to the development of TDABC include overlooking capacity, expensive, and time consuming (Gilbert, 2007). The technique consumes time because organizations have to conduct interviews to ask workers the amount of time that they take to complete each activity. Companies take time to develop questions to ask workers about all the activities that they carry out in the firm and it consumes even more time to conduct the interview sessions (Kaplan, & Anderson, 2005). This process is also expensive because companies have to acquire resources to conduct the interviews; for example, organizations spend money on developing questionnaires, paying interviewers, and analyzing the data from the interviews. This increases the expenses of a firm leading to low profits. Kaplan also argues that the traditional ABC technique ignored the role of capacity in organizations. The traditional ABC method allocated costs to products by first determining the cost of all activities in a company. This means that this technique ignored the ability of workers and machines to produce goods in a company (Kaplan, & Anderson, 2005). The other limitation of ABC is that it is inaccurate because of errors that employees make when estimating the time that they use to complete activities in an organization (Gilbert, 2007). Time-driven Activity Based Costing solves the problems of traditional ABC by using accurate data from ERP that consumes less time and takes into account the capacity of

3 questions to be answered Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

3 questions to be answered - Essay Example The strain is caused by the unexpected change in the number of patients requiring attention and care (Kaplan, Sadler and Little). Such changes may strain the organization’s infrastructure and lead to serious challenges to the organization if there is not government support for the operations. Natural calamities are uncontrollable and may lead to displacement of a large population while also encouraging the outbreak of vector borne diseases that may spread faster. Global or international conflicts may lead to war which affects political stability and the provision of the necessary services. Peace facilitates easier accessibility to the affected population, but if the area is marred with conflict the cost of operation may be increased due to the engagement of security personnel in the process. Conflicts pose a greater challenge than natural calamity because of it is influenced by the action of the state or individuals within the government. They may intimidate the population requiring the medical attention (Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare organizations). For example, the Alshabaab militia group forced the population not to engage in vaccination which in turn affected children’s health. Such actions in conflict areas led to poor health among the population. In addition, the organization working in the area is forced to leave as a result of intimidation. Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare organizations. Health Care at the Crossroads: strategies for creating and sustaining community-wide Emergency preparedness Systems. New York: Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare organizations, 2002. Online Kaplan, Susan, et al. Can Sustainable Hospitals Help Bend the Health Care Cost Curve? 12 November 2012. 25 November 2012 .

Evaluate the impact Line Managers have on organisational performance' Assignment

Evaluate the impact Line Managers have on organisational performance' - Assignment Example As they are responsible for ensuring the operation of employees and monitor their performance on a day-to-day basis, their role in influencing staff performance is crucial. Researchers have highlighted the role played by line managers in producing an integrated culture of managing employees via line management while others have demonstrated the role that line managers play in increasing employee commitment, thereby leading to rise in productivity. The psychological contract between the employee and line manager is claimed to be the lens through which workers view the entire workplace. Organizational Culture and the line manager Organizational culture is said to have a significant impact on the way in which the organization, including line managers function. It includes beliefs values and behavioral patterns that form the foundations of organizations. The power of organizational culture in influencing line managers’ communication and leadership style cannot be negated. If the c ulture is open and encourages freedom of speech, the line managers will be inclined towards adopting a participative management style whereby employees’ views are incorporated during decision making. Under such an environment, tasks are delegated and the worker has the flexibility to accomplish tasks without being closely monitored. On the other hand, cultures where deference to authority and bureaucracy prevail tend to produce line managers which do not favor employee participation, are wary of employees’ intention to work and lack the trust necessary for successful delegation. An extreme form of such management prevails in the form of micromanagers which are typically found at lower levels of organizational hierarchy. Such managers often fall into the trap of over-scrutinizing employees’ work and adopting the â€Å"my way or the highway† philosophy (Chambers, 2005). It is no surprise that under such organizations communication is often top-down and line managers expect submissive behavior from employees who, in turn, seek to â€Å"please the boss† in every way possible (Chambers, 2005). The impact of both these styles on employee motivation and commitment is profound and shall be explored in depth later. However, it is important to note that a two-way relationship exists between line managers and organizational culture. The role of line managers is crucial in order to make any organizational culture functional. If the culture is directed towards the achievement of incorrect objectives then it can become largely dysfunctional. The management’s role is critical in that it determines whether the cultural orientation needs to be adapted to internal policies or individuals in the organization. This, in turn, determines and develops a dominant leadership style which results in a mutual relationship between the organization’s culture, efficiency and leadership styles. For instance, in a study conducted on over 32 lar ge corporations in Croatia (from the manufacturing, service and financial sector), the organizational culture was resistant to change and preferred the status quo which resulted in slow development of an entrepreneurial leadership orientation amongst managers (Buble, 2012). Complementing this

Analysing equality and diversity in social care

Analysing equality and diversity in social care Equality is about creating a fairer society, where everyone can participate and has the opportunity to fulfil their potential (DH, 2004). It is about identifying patterns of experience based on group identity, and the challenging processes that limit individuals potential health and life chances. For example, occupational segregation. Women make up almost 75% of the NHS workforce but are concentrated in the lower-paid occupational areas: nursing, allied health professionals (AHPs), administrative workers and ancillary workers (DH, 2005). People from black and minority ethnic groups comprise 39.1% of hospital medical staff yet they comprise only 22.1% of all hospital medical consultants (DH, 2005). An equalities approach understands that our social identity in terms of gender, race, disability, age, social class, sexuality and religion will impact on our life experiences. Diversity literally means difference. When it is used as a contrast or addition to equality, it is about recognising individual as well as group differences, treating people as individuals, and placing positive value on diversity in the community and in the workforce. Historically, employers and services have ignored certain differences. However, individual and group diversity needs to be considered in order to ensure that everybodys needs and requirements are understood and responded to within employment practice and service design and delivery. One way in which organisations have responded to the issue of diversity in recent years has been the development of flexibility in working practices and services. For example, an employer may allow an employee to work a flexible working pattern to accommodate child care arrangements, or a GP surgery may offer surgeries at the weekends in accommodate those who work full time during the week. These approaches recognise that in order to be inclusive and equal to all, organisations may need to respond differently to individuals/groups. Therefore, a commitment to equality in addition to recognition of diversity means that different can be equal. Learning outcomes Understand concepts of equality, diversity rights in relation to Health and Social Care. Equality and diversity is becoming more important in all aspects of our lives and work for a number of reasons. We live in an increasingly diverse society and need to be able to respond appropriately and sensitively to this diversity. Learners in the healthcare setting will reflect this diversity around gender, race and ethnicity, disability, religion, sexuality, class and age. Your organisation believes that successful implementation of equality and diversity in all aspects of work ensures that colleagues, staff and students are valued, motivated and treated fairly. Every member of society is likely, at some point, to be a recipient of health and social care. The Department of Health can only achieve its aim of better health, care and well-being for all, by building an explicit commitment to equality, diversity and human rights throughout the health and social care system. All public organisations including the Department of Health and public providers and commissioners of health and social care services have a duty to promote equality. Successfully delivering these duties is a core part of the health and social care systems objective to offer services that deliver high quality care for all. To do this, the diversity of the population has to be recognised, in policy development through to service delivery and patient care, acknowledging the diverse experiences, aspirations and needs of staff, patients and service. The Department of Health and local health and social care organisations continue to take proactive steps to address unequal access and outcomes experienced by some sections of the community. DH is working to ensure the principles and practicalities of fairness, equality, diversity and human rights are a central to the work of the Department. In 2007 the UK established a new single equalities body, to bring together the existing equality Commissions dealing with gender, disability, and race and ethnicity into a Commission for Equality and Human Rights. The promotion and enforcement of equality and diversity is one of the three duties of the new body. This paper briefly explores diversity in relation to the theory of gender equality and also examines developments in policy at the EU level, which has provided much of the impetus for change. Our focus is on the policy approach and the tensions that the policy documents reveal about the emphasis on equality and diversity approach, in particular the extent to which attention to gender issues may get lost in the diversity bundle, and the extent to which a focus on the individual may be strengthened over the group. This page lists some of the guidance materials produced by the former equality commissions and guidance produced by external organisations, who have given us permissi on to reproduce their materials on our site. Understanding how discrimination can impact on individuals lives is essential to prevent potential discrimination within in teaching and learning situations and ensure that you are confident in dealing with discrimination issues if and when they arise. While we can face discrimination because of any of these aspects, it is important that we also identify the links between social identities and individuality and/or a state and situation. Bad treatment can be multi-layered and occur because of: Since 1998 the UK has also included human rights within its legal framework. The Human Rights Act applies to all public authorities and bodies performing a public function. The Human Rights Acts places the following responsibility on your organisation. Organisations must promote and protect individuals human rights. This means treating people fairly, with dignity and respect while safeguarding the rights of the wider community. Organisations should apply core human rights values, such as equality, dignity, privacy, respect and involvement, to all organisational service planning and decision making. The Human Rights Act provides a complementary legal framework to the anti-discriminatory framework and the public duties. The legal context As a clinical teacher you will want to ensure that you understand the legal framework regarding equality, and that you can relate this framework to your everyday role. The UK framework has two elements to it: the anti- discriminatory framework (which gives individuals a route to raise complaints of discrimination around employment and service delivery) and the public duties (which place a proactive duty on organisations to address institutional discrimination). The SEN and Disability Act 2001 extended the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 to education with effect from September 2002. This act requires teachers to explore the provision of reasonable adjustments for students who may have disabilities, including learning disabilities, to enable them to participate effectively. Beliefs are the assumptions we make about ourselves, about others in the world and about how we expect things to be. Beliefs are about how we think things really are, what we think is really true and what therefore expect as likely consequences that will follow from our behavior. Since the last comprehensive review in 1974, the Health Belief Model (HBM) has continued to be the focus of considerable theoretical and research attention. This article presents a critical review of 29 HBM-related investigations published during the period 1974-1984, tabulates the findings from 17 studies conducted prior to 1974, and provides a summary of the total 46 HBM studies (18 prospective, 28 retrospective). Twenty-four studies examined preventive-health be haviors (PHB), 19 explored sick-role behaviors (SRB), and three addressed clinic utilization. A significance ratio was constructed which divides the number of positive, statistically- significant findings for an HBM dimension by the total number of studies reporting significance levels for that dimension. Summary results provide substantial empirical support for the HBM, with findings from prospective studies at least as favorable as those obtained from retrospective research. Perceived barriers proved to be the most powerful of the HBM dimensions across the various study designs and behaviors. While both were important overall, perceived sus ceptibility was a stronger contributor to understanding PHB than SRB, while the reverse was true for perceived benefits. Perceived severity produced the lowest overall significance ratios; however, while only weakly associated with PHB, this dimension was strongly related to SRB. On the basis of the evidence compiled, it is recommended that consideration of HBM dimensions be a part of health education programming. Suggestions are offered for further research. It is important for care workers to promote equality, value diversity and respect the rights of service users. There are various ways of how they can challenge discriminatory issues and practices in health and social care. One of the ways in which care worker can promote equality, value diversity and respect the rights of service users is to always put the patient/service user at the heart of the service provision. This means that the patients individual needs will be met and achieved Human rights are the basic rights and freedoms that belong to every person in the world. Ideas about human rights have evolved over many centuries. But they achieved strong international support following the Holocaust and World War II. To protect future generations from a repeat of these horrors, the United Nations adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948. For the first time, the Universal Declaration set out the fundamental rights and freedoms shared by all human beings. These rights and freedoms based on core principles like dignity, equality and respect inspired a range of international and regional human rights treaties. For example, they formed the basis for the European Convention on Human Rights in 1950. The European Convention protects the human rights of people in countries that belong to the Council of Europe. This includes the United Kingdom. Until recently, people in the United Kingdom had to complain to the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg if they felt their rights under the European Convention had been breached. for example; a personal eating plan to a specific individual. Putting the service user at the centre of the provision generally makes a happier and healthier patient in all areas. Care workers can help achieve this by: * Understanding what it is like to use those services * Involving those who use the services Another example can be quoted as, Rights of one patient will clash with the rights of another A patient has the right to watch TV or listen to the radio, while the patient in the next bed has the right the right to an undisturbed sleep the rights of these two patients clash. By providing earphones could help resolve this. If patients share a room one wants the door propped open and the other one doesnt although this is a clash of rights the rights of the patient who wanted the door closed would outweigh the other as propping open doors is a fire risk Care settings must provide services in such a way that all service users get equal benefit for them. For example a person who does not have English as their first language may require a translator in order to understand the services available and to express a choice about them. One of the most beneficial ways in which a social care setting can challenge anti discriminatory is through staff development and training this may be done formally through supervision sessions or more informally in the course of day to day working. The manager should supervise the work of their staff, offer advice and guidance in difficult situations and help the workers identify training opportunities to improve their practise.  

The Poetry of Judith Wright Essay -- Judith Wright Poems compare Contr

The Poetry of Judith Wright Abstract This report discusses the influences of Australia as well as the universal impact on the poetry of Judith Wright. It contains an evaluation of both the techniques and the "plot" behind the poems "Remittance Man, "South of My Days" and "Eve to her Daughters" as well as a comparison between the three poems. Australia, as Wright ¡Ã‚ ¦s homeland, has had a significant effect on the content of her poems but references to English scenes are also consistent as well as general references to the universal world. Eve to Her Daughters. ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Poem Summary The poem  ¡Ã‚ ¥Eve to Her Daughters ¡Ã‚ ¦ tells of original sin and gives advice to the women (her daughters) of today from Eve regarding men. The first stanza describes the consequences of the fall but Eve ¡Ã‚ ¦s acceptance of it. The second and third stanzas describe Adam ¡Ã‚ ¦s rebellion against the punishment and the  ¡Ã‚ §insult ¡K the trick They had played on us ¡Ã‚ ¨,  ¡Ã‚ ¥They ¡Ã‚ ¦ being God and Satan whom Adam has grouped together as a united opposition. Adam was discontent with the new life and strove to build a new Eden and put God  ¡Ã‚ ¥out of business ¡Ã‚ ¦. The third and fourth stanzas tell the audience about Adam ¡Ã‚ ¦s attempt to understand how the world works and to disprove God ¡Ã‚ ¦s existence. In his quest to unravel everything he decides that if it  ¡Ã‚ §cannot be demonstrated [it] does not exist ¡Ã‚ ¨. In this process he proves that humans themselves cannot exist and  ¡Ã‚ §refuses to accept the conclusion ¡Ã‚ ¨. The conclusion of the poem is in a sarcastic tone as a final message to Eve ¡Ã‚ ¦s  ¡Ã‚ ¥daughters ¡Ã‚ ¦ that everybody has faults and they always work out. She suggests that Adam is too stubborn to accept this and through this he has turned himself into a shapeless enigma that  ¡Ã‚ §doesn ¡Ã‚ ¦t exist. ¡Ã‚ ¨ ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Universal References The biblical references to Eve, Adam, Abel and Cain, as well as God and Satan are not linked to Judith Wright ¡Ã‚ ¦s homeland or any country in particular but in particular her Christian upbringing. The poem reflects feminist ideas as many of her poems do and also encourage thought by including hidden questions within the poem to challenge her audience. In the third stanza there is mentioned a number of ideals that modern people are striving for such as  ¡Ã‚ §multiplied opportunities for safe investment and higher education ¡Ã‚ ¨ as well as advanced technologies and communications. This stanza has ... ...  Ã‚  Australian References The very first line of  ¡Ã‚ §South of my Days ¡Ã‚ ¨ tells us that the poem is about Australia as it is Judith Wright ¡Ã‚ ¦s home country ( ¡Ã‚ §part of my blood ¡Ã‚ ¦s country ¡Ã‚ ¨). The  ¡Ã‚ §tableland ¡Ã‚ ¨ described in lines 2 and 3 are distinctly Australian as well as the trees mentioned in line 4. In stanza 2 the use of the word  ¡Ã‚ §yarn ¡Ã‚ ¨ is also Australian. Stanza 3 is one of  ¡Ã‚ §Old Dan ¡Ã‚ ¦s ¡Ã‚ ¨ stories about a cattle muster, another distinct Australian reference especially with the inclusion of a drought mentioned and the Hunter Valley. Stanza 4 is another story containing references to particular places such as Tamworth and the Bogongs, as well as specific references to Australian legends such as the Cobb & Co. mail service and Captain Thunderbolt the bushranger, all of which are uniquely Australian. Conclusion The balance between Australia and the universal in the poetry of Judith Wright is fairly even though it does lean more towards Australian poetry. The main references in her poetry are towards England, Australia and the Bible, all of which she had grown up with and had obvious strong influences on her. The love of her country Australia is evident in many of her poems.

Karl Marxs The Communist Manifesto Essay -- Communist Manifesto Essays

Karl Marx's The Communist Manifesto The Communist Manifesto written by Karl Marx explains the history of all societies as the history of class conflicts, he claims that the power and direction of all societies is determined by the modes of production, as such when the mode of production no longer suits the relations of society there is a revolution. He predicts that a revolution is coming between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie, and calls its coming inevitable. Marx argues that the bourgeoisies are no longer fit to rule, nor is their rule sustainable, as such the proletariat will overthrow them and end all class antagonisms with the creation of a classless society. However, Marx does not give enough credit to nationalism, nor does he ascribe to the possibility of compromise between the classes. Due to this he predicts a class war which never, and might never, take place. The first section of the Communist Manifesto describes the history of all society as the history of class conflicts. Claiming, that every society is essentially divided into, the oppressors and the oppressed. Furthermore, Marx adds, in the past, societies were organized in more complex combinations and hierarchies, but modern society is being split into two ‘hostile camps’. There has always been a continuous conflict between the different classes; the end result of these conflicts is always, either the total suppression of the oppressed classes, or a revolution, which leads to an overhaul of society. He blames the cause for the separation of modern society into only two groups, on the fall of feudalism. These new class antagonisms are between the proletariat, and the bourgeoisie. Marx views the rise of the bourgeoisie in Europe as the result of a couple of factors; firstly, he believes that, the initial elements of the bourgeoisie, were developed by the chartered burghers who evolved from the serfs of the medieval ages. Next, following the great colonization of the 16th and 17th centuries the market expanded, leading to a great need for increased production. This great demand could not be sufficed by the feudal guilds, as such they were replaced with manufacturing. However, the markets and the demand kept increasing and the manufacturing system could no longer keep up, as such it also was replaced, by Modern Industry. The Industrial Revolution of the late 18th century and th... ... the revolutionary parties. These sorts of compromises happened, and different socialist parties left behind the ideas of radical revolution and instead pursued gradual improvement through unions and parliament. Thus the previously constant decrease in workers state did not continue, rather the workers started getting more rights, for example universal male suffrage. Also they fought for, and won, social and economic improvements, for example more employment stability, higher wages and laws such as the Ten Hour Act of 1847 and the Factory Act of 1833. Such reformations, the increase in the power of Unions and the ability of the workers to vote led to sustainable compromises between the classes, as such no class war took place. Marx’s description of European society as driven by economics and divided by class lines is correct. However he fails to see the great influence of nationalism and he does not entertain the idea of compromise between the classes, because of this he wrongly predicts the destruction of the capitalist system and the bourgeoisies by the proletariat. Works Cited: McLellan, David. Karl Marx: Selected Writings (Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press, 1977)

Being A Female In a Leadership Position Within The Military

The life of a woman in active Army service is not made up of cherries and cotton candy. Active military life requires me to constantly overcome various obstacles that are placed within my path on a daily basis. But unlike the other women who quit instead of trying to overcome the difficulties so that they can advance to the senior level positions, I chose to stay on and prove that I am somebody who will always muster the courage to become a worthy counterpart of the male soldier.I cannot blame the women who leave the service before they reach the senior grade levels though. Sometimes, the obstacles seem insurmountable and endless so that it seems like it is no longer worth the effort to keep on fighting. The reality is that the Army was developed by males and having females come into their ranks as soldiers and officers simply does not sit well with a vast majority of these people. Male soldiers want to believe that women will forever be weak and feeble creatures.Which is why it will take a immensely strong and influential female role model, a female in active service who will accomplish something so admirable that it will be impossible for the men to ignore the accomplishment to change the male perception. Such an embodiment of female leadership will also finally give the female soldiers a leader whom they can emulate, idolize, and hope to be in the future. The question female soldiers are now left with is â€Å"Where do we find such a woman to lead us? †I have seen some females who could be the role model we seek but because they are opinionated and sometimes seem more masculine than the males in an effort to make themselves heard, these women get administratively charged and then fired or worse, they voluntarily leave because of the frustration they feel I will admit that building a career as a female Army leader carries tremendous stress and frustration because we have to constantly prove ourselves, sometimes while facing overwhelming odds.We know ve ry well that the men want to see us fail and the higher leaders already talk down to us and undermine our confidence and ability to think as strong minded females, we still voice our opinions — but at a cost to our femininity. When I was serving at Camp Taji in Iraq, there was a woman who came to the brigade and it seemed like the entire female population of the camp was discussing who she was and where she came from. Before she arrived on camp, we had a male leader who pretty much did not understand, or did not care that the female soldiers where not complying with the regulations.Maybe he was afraid of being reported for sexual harassment if he called a female on a violation. All of that changed when our female leader arrived. We began to take pride in our appearance and grooming because this leader was not afraid to call us on any infractions we may have. Here was a woman who had the grace of a ballerina, the posture of a military professional, and the attitude of a leader who knew how to get the job done. She spoke in the manner of a highly educated person who was neither condescending nor rude. Not once did I ever catch her in a uniform that was not sharply pressed.Her hair was always tucked behind her head and her hat was always so crisp that it would stand on its own. She knew all about the Army Standard and insured that she would always uphold it to the best of her abilities. She did not care that she faced becoming an outcast because she was vocal about her beliefs regarding what was right for the army. She did not hesitate to use discipline when necessary and she let us know that if the Army cannot entrust you with small tasks, how could we be expected to complete real missions on the battlefront? Discipline was key.Sure she was called a bitch by most, but she was a bitch who got the job done. She knew that there were no acceptable excuses and compliance with the rules is all that mattered. For those are the traits of a real leader. She has be en my role model ever since. Males believe that women who succeed in military life can only be either of 2 things. A bitch or a lesbian. Neither of which are true. I am severely hurt when I hear comments like this. More so when I hear it from fellow females. This is why when I was given the duty of a company leader, I told myself that I was going to prove them wrong.I can be an effective leader without being a bitch and still keep my femininity to use whenever I want to. Since I currently serve as a company leader, I find myself constantly having to push myself to perform my duties even more effectively than a man. With 6 platoons and a corresponding 6 male platoon Sergeants under my direct supervision, 3 of whom have been in active military service far longer than me, I can honestly say that it took a lot of heartache for me to be able to lead them because they never expected a female to come out of nowhere and be given the duty of running a line unit.My first few months as company leader were very difficult. I had to overcome the fact that my platoon sergeants chose to ignore my orders and would rather do things their own way. The problem with this situation is that when all hell broke lose, it was my command responsibility and it was my bottom on the line. The men viewed me as a figurehead but, as they quickly learned, I knew how to get their attention and crack the whip upon them. It took some time but my corrective training eventually paid off and they now regard me with the same respect as they would a male company leader.I approached the situation the way a male company leader would. I knew exactly what they could do on a PT challenge so I stepped up the requirements a bit for them. After 55 pushups, 100 sit ups and a 13:00 run that left them winded, they certainly had a clear message regarding who was in charge of the company. From then on, I never hesitated to reintroduce them to Army Standards as the need arose. Each time I run my company, I recall m y experiences with that female leader in Iraq and remind myself that she was leadership in action.She was at the top of her game and although probably lonely at the top, she was prepared for all the challenges that came her way. I was able to properly do my job and was good at it because I chose to be an engaging leader. My job was to make sure that my soldier’s received 100% quality training and I did not let the challenges posed before me because of my gender stop me from delivering what was necessary. It is unfortunate that these challenges to the female gender will always be present. Men will always develop a sense of anger and bitterness when a woman gets ahead of them.I have experienced being conspired against by my male subordinates because I threatened their male supremacy within the ranks. Which is why I try to seek a balance between the two genders. I ask both the male and females for advice in order to prove to the males that I only want to work with them, not agai nst them. Gender discrimination is not a right. It not a privilege either. It is an unacceptable situation that exists within the military because of gender bias and issues. There was a serious point in time when all the intrigue was hitting me so hard that I contemplated leaving the military.I was frustrated and discouraged by what I believe to be the direction the military was headed in. Thankfully, I was talked out of it by the other females in the army who were with me in similar positions of authority. Through their mentorship, I came to the realization that I had to stay where I was regardless of the obstacles before me because the future of women in the military depended upon it. If every female who ever entered active military service were to quit, the males will have won and proven that females just do not have what it takes to survive in a world that they wish to solely dominate.Men in the military are already an established dominant population. But that does not mean that the military can never be female ready. It is up to existing female military leaders such as myself to cultivate the new military world. Where women will be able to serve alongside men with a little restrictions as possible while taking care of ourselves on the field. After all, men take care of themselves on the battlefront. If women want to be treated equally in the military, they we should learn to become just as self sufficient and independent on all the fronts. 2 years ago, females were finally allowed to see active combat duty in Iraq.I consider this to be a success for the females in military service. This is the military’s acknowledgement that men and women actually have the same skill level once trained properly and can both serve on the battlefront without being a hindrance to one another. Work Cited Bender, Bryan. (2005). U. S. women get closer to combat. The Boston Globe. Retrieved December 4, 2007, from http://www. boston. com/news/nation/washington/articles/200 5/01/26/us_women_get_closer_to/ RAND. (1997). Military readiness: women are not a problem. RAND Research Brief . Retrieved December 5, 2007,

Political Aspects of Lord of the Flies

The â€Å"Lord of the Flies† is an allegorical novel by Nobel Prize-winning author William Golding. It was Golding’s first novel, and was published in the year 1954. Even though it was not a grand success at the time selling fewer than 3,000 copies in the United States throughout 1955 prior to going out of print it went on to turn out to be a bestseller, and mandatory reading in various schools and colleges. It was adapted to film in 1963 by Peter Brook, and once more in 1990. The title is a reference to Beelzebub from the Hebrew name Baalzvuv ב× ¢Ã—Å" ×â€"בוב, and said to be a synonym for the Devil. Lord of the Flies explores the dark side of humankind, the savagery that lies beneath even the most civilized human beings (Faber School Editions, 1962). Golding planned this novel as a tragic parody of children’s adventure tales, demonstrating humankind’s intrinsic evil nature. The author presents the reader with a chronology of events leadi ng a group of young boys from anticipation to disaster as they try to survive their unsupervised, uncivilized, isolated environment until rescued.In the middle of a nuclear war, a group of British boys discover themselves stranded without adult supervision on a tropical island. The group is generally divided into the â€Å"littluns,† boys more or less the age of six, and the â€Å"biguns,† who are among the ages of ten and twelve. Primarily, the boys try to form a culture comparable to the one they left behind. They select a leader, Ralph, who, with the advice and support of Piggy considered as the intellectual of the group, made every effort to set up rules for housing and sanitation. Ralph furthermore makes a signal fire the group’s first priority, hopeful that a passing ship will see the smoke signal and save them. A chief challenge to Ralph’s leadership is Jack, who as well wants to lead. Jack orders a group of choirboys-turned-hunters who sacrifice t he responsibility of tending the fire so that they can partake in the hunts. Jack draws the other boys gradually away from Ralph’s influence for the reason of their natural attraction to and fondness toward the adventurous hunting activities indicating violence and evil.The conflict between Jack and Ralph, and the said forces of savagery and civilization that they correspond to is exacerbated by the boys’ literal horror of a mythical beast wandering the island (Traister, Rebecca 2005). One night, an aerial battle takes place above the island, and a casualty of the battle floats down with his opened parachute, eventually coming to rest on the mountaintop. Breezes occasionally inflate the parachute, making the body seem to sit up and then drop forward again. This sight alarms the boys as they mistake the dead body for the beast they fear. As a result to this panic, Jack forms a splinter group that is ultimately joined by all but a few of the boys. The boys who join Jack are tempted by the protection Jack’s ferocity appears to provide, as well as by the prospect of playing the part of savages: putting on camouflaging face paint, hunting, and presenting ritualistic tribal dances. Ultimately, Jack’s group in fact slaughters a sow and, as a present to the beast, puts the sow’s head on a stick.Of all the boys, only the mystic Simon has the guts to discover the real identity of the beast sighted on the mountain. Subsequent to witnessing the death of the sow and the gift made of her head to the beast, Simon starts to hallucinate, and the staked sow’s head turns out to be the Lord of the Flies, reporting to Simon what he has previously suspected: The beast is not an animal on the loose but is concealed in each boy’s psyche. Weakened by his dreadful vision, Simon loses consciousness. Recovering later that evening, he struggles to the mountaintop and discovers that the beast is merely a dead pilot/soldier. Trying to get the news to the other boys, he slips into the tribal frenzy of their dance. Perceiving him as the beast, the boys beat him to death.Soon just three of the older boys, including Piggy, are still in Ralph’s camp. Jack’s group takes Piggy’s glasses to begin its cooking fires, leaving Ralph incapable to sustain his signal fire. When Ralph and his small group approach Jack’s tribe to ask for the return of the glasses, one of Jack’s hunters releases a big boulder on Piggy, killing him. The tribe captures the other two biguns prisoners, leaving Ralph on his own.  The tribe undertakes a manhunt to look for and kill Ralph, and they begin a fire to smoke him out of one of his hiding places, generating an island-wide forest fire. A passing vessel sees the smoke from the fire, and a British naval officer appears on the beach just in time to save Ralph from definite death at the hands of the schoolboys turned savages.Golding uses many symbolisms in The Lord of t he Flies.   The whole book is symbolic of the nature of human and society generally as the island turns out to be a society metaphorical to society as a whole and the chase at the end of the book symbolic of the war.   A symbol Golding uses all through the book is the conch.   It symbolizes authority and order.   The person holding the conch had the supremacy, and it formed order and rules since when it was called, everybody had to listen.   One more symbol is Piggy’s glasses.   It represents knowledge and insight.   While Piggy had them, he was able to provide advice to the group, such as that of the signal fire.   It was the glasses that produced the fire.   On the other hand, after the glasses are broken, the group loses what insight they had.   The war paint is furthermore a symbol.   It represented the rejection of society.In a way, when they put on the disguise of war paint, they took off the mask of society and exposed their true inner selves whic h were savage. Human condition is depicted all the way through the key characters in the novel. Every one embodies a strong-minded social stereotype which will be later on profoundly explained. This existentialist dissatisfaction is an aspect which darkens human kind similar to other factors such as the type of fear which is dealt throughout the book, being this one of the key causes of chaos. Those parallelisms, being several of them adventured, are valid too revealing two questions which take far beyond this point: to what extent is brutality a mere consequence of circumstances or a genuine feature in mankind.Unfortunately anarchy conquers order. This is the outcome for the reason that Golding believed that government is an unproductive way to maintain people together. No matter how logical or reasonable, government will in the long run have to give in to the anarchical demands of the public. This book traces the faults in society to the faults in the human being (Baker, James R. 1970).   Golding says that every person has in evil inner nature inadequately covered by society.   If the society is taken away, then the inner nature comes out and disorder and lawlessness erupt. Every person has an evil nature and is able of committing heinous crimes.   In this book, practically each person fell to the level of Jack’s savagery with the exception of those that were able to notice that evil such as Ralph, Simon, and Piggy. The beast is human.   In the start of the book, a littlun told the others that he saw a beast in the jungle opening everyone’s fears.   On the other hand, it turns out that the beast is in fact a parachutist and human, symbolizing that what people should be scared of is not some evil creature, but their own selves and other humans.Baker, James R. â€Å"The Decline of Lord of the Flies.† In South Atlantic Quarterly, Vol. 69, Autumn, (1970).Golding, William. Lord of the Flies. New York: Capricorn Books, G.P. Putnamâ⠂¬â„¢s Sons, (1954).Lord of The Flies, William Golding. Faber School Editions, (1962).Traister, Rebecca, â€Å"Reading â€Å"Lord of the Flies†Ã¢â‚¬ , (2005).