Banana Paper Essay

REVIEW OF RELATED literary worksIn a nurture, wall stems and Boards from banana corner tree tree tree diagram tree tree Stem Waste in which they utilise banana stem waste in producing study and board beca physical exertion banana is a very good source of cellulose. banana stem waste, thrown a instruction by farmers after harvesting of fruits, was procured as edged sensible. It was chopped by 3-4 size usually at a rate of close to 100 kg poppycock per day. The material was soaked in 1-2% NaOH for appropriate period. The theme loosens the ligno-cellulosic bonds, thereby softening the material. Then it was mould with irrigate. The serve material was wherefore subjected to whipping in a Hollander beater, a utensil developed by the Dutch in 1680 to produce topic take come come out of the closet from cellulose containing institute fibers. A period of three to four-spot hours of beating was call for for getting a good select of figure. It was observed that d epending upon the quality of boards to be produced, appropriate amount of fillers, encumbrance material or chemicals were used during arch beating. For proceedsion of hard boards, sufficient total of resins like urea formaldehyde and carbolic acid formaldehyde argon added in the beater itself temporary hookup maintaining pH. The wet boards atomic number 18 then allowed to alter on a pull down floor direct sun on bamboo pitchs additionally made for this purpose.Handmade paper from rice straw was a product developed by the Forest Products research and Development Institute (FPRDI), a line of credit agency of the DOST. In 1986, the technology was to the full developed and the product was commercialized locally. The study material input used for the payoff of handmade paper was rice straw, an awkward waste which was available in copiousness locally. The former(a) inputs which were also available in the domestic market were atomic number 11 hydroxide, sodium or calciu m hypochlorite and paper additives much(prenominal)(prenominal) as rub size, stiffen and ammonium alum (aluminum sulfate or tawas). Rosin size was used to prevent liquid sharpness and make paper smooth, alum to raise cohesion of the fibers and starch to bind fibers in concert. The frame magazineing process involves the boiling of rice stalks in twain percent sodium hydroxide solution, with pot likker to material ratio of 101, for nigh two hours until the stalks become soft.The stalks argon flow right after boiling and transferred into a suppress-bottom box. Then, the stalks are thoroughly washed with urine at least three multiplication and poundedwith a woodwind instrumenten mallet. by and by pounding, the chassis is concealed by to a lower place high water pressure using a double-decked veil box. Bleaching of the slop magazine may either be a single or multi-stage mathematical function depending on the desired colour of the paper. After every bleaching, the soma is thoroughly washed with water. Paper additives such as rosin size, starch and alum are added to the flesh and the mixed substance is stirred continuously. Then, the diverseness is laid on a wry and flat surface. Finally, the assortment is pressed bulge with a rolling pin or pressed to form the sheet. However, in this study their major member in reservation the paper was rice straw plot of ground our major comp championnts were banana fibers and stalks.The aim of the audition, check up on of banana tree residues as build for paper and combustible, by Rosal, A., Rodriguez A. Gonzales, Z. and Jimenez, C. (Accepted 23 manifest 2012) was to evaluate the optimal use of banana tree residues, by two shipway first by subjecting them to pulping process with soda-anthraquinone as pulping liquor, studying the influence of operating variables on the meetties of the pulps and the corresponding paper sheets obtained from them the second way is to use them as fuel, determining the thawing values, flame temperature and dew point temperature of the burning gases, canvas their values with those found for separate lignocellulosic materials.The pulp was obtained by using a 15-L people cylindrical reactor that was heated by means of electrical wires and was linked done a rotary axle (to ensure proper agitation) to a control unit including a motor actuating the reactor and the charterd instruments for measurement and control of pressure and temperature. The banana tree residues were pulped in the reactor under certain conditions of soda concentration (7.5 to 12% w/w), anthraquinone concentration (1% w/w), temperature (160 to one hundred eightyC), time (40 to 60 min) and liquid/ unharmed ratio (81 w/w). Next, the cooked material was fiberized in a wet disintegrator at 1200 rpm for 30 min and the screenings were free by sieving through a screen of 1 mm mesh size. Paper sheets were prepared on an ENJO-F-39.71 sheet work according to the TAPPI 220 standard method.They concluded that The pulping of banana tree residue with soda anthraquinone require a low cooking conditions (160C, 40 min and 7.5%soda), providing a pulp with suitable properties (39.23% pulp yield, 28.59 Kappa number, 48.25% brightness, 1149 ml/g viscosity, 48.0 Nm/g tensile index, 3.80 kN/g take fire index and 4.83 mNm 2/g plunk index). From an energetic study of the banana tree residue, it was deduced that banana tree residue make up a heating values of 17751 kJ/kg, a flame temperature of 1300 to 2400C and dew point temperature of 4 to 54C, for different values of dissipation air (10 to 50%) used in combustion. These values are similar to other non-wood lignocellulosic materials. The price of the energy (kJ) obtained by combustion of these residues was less than coal and much lower than those of fluid fossil fuels.Another experiment was made by Jesus Rubalcaba, Satoki Okamoto and Miguel Lozano rough Banana Paper. In their experiment, their major ingredient or the material that was important was the banana leaf. They cut the banana leaves into smaller pieces and intermix it. Mix that blended pieces by louvre cups of water, dip the frame in the pulp and spread the pulp with hands. They take the frame outdoors ang let it modify for one day. It was concluded that the banana paper held its traffic pattern without crumbling apart. It was so un appeal and the quality wasnt great. This study helps and guides us not to use banana leaves in making the banana paper wherein the results was not good enough. alkali on their observations, it was strong enough to hold its shape but it was lumpy and chocolate-brown which makes the product not very appealing to the eyes. Thus, many would not be interested in buying, using and making it. The banana leaves werent strong enough compared to the banana stalks and fibers.According to a book write by Irmengarde Eberle, a conveyor knocking feeds the needed logs from the wood yard into the mill. there they a re put into a debarker- a large, slowly turning iron rise. unafraid streams of water are poured in from the vents in the sides. The debarked logs then roll out of the drum and move along on a conveyor. Now according to what miscellany of paper or paper board is to be made, the wood is either chipped or ground. For al or so papers and especially for the better kinds, it is chipped. For coarser grades, such as newsprint, it is ground.The logs that are to be chipped are moved along to a special room. There they are passed to a apparatus equipped with strong, sharp blades. These cut he wood into small pieces. Next the chips are sent all over screens, which sift out bits of the remaining bark. The cleaned chips are carried to great entrepot storage stores. Mill workers take chips from the storage tanks selecting the point kinds required to fill each other. The selected chips are carried by a conveyor smash-up to a machine called a digester. Here, the mixture of water and chemi cals including particularly sodium hydroxide, which is sincerely lye, or caustic soda, awaits the chips. When the wood has been cater into the digester, it is closed. Immediately it is very hot steam, under great pressure, is let in. This steam cooks the chips, together with the water and chemicals, for several hours. How long this takes depends once again on the kind of paper the wood is being prepared for, and the variety of the tree from which it comes.From the cooker, the wet, fibrous mass passes to the bleaching room, where it goes through a series of treatments in several ensuant tanks. In the course of this, the pulp becomes a light tan and pipe down much of the remaining lye is washed out, along with other chemicals. Finally, the pulp becomes s this instanty white and has a kind of granular fluffiness. It may be taken to a storage tank again. When the mill is make to make the pulp into paper it will draw out the wet material and eliminate the water. When the pulp pass es into a large broad tank of water, where sizing such as starch or clay is added to give the paper the desired finish. If coloured paper is to be made, the dye is added at this time, too. The pulp passes to a machine, where huge wheel with dull blades trounce the fluffy, wet, fibrous material.Finally, the mass passes on to a part of the machinery called the Jordan, where the fibers are rubbed and cut to the desired length. Now comes with the steps by which the pulp becomes fine paper. Fresh water is added to the pulp and it is moved on to the Fourdrinier, a kind of machine. In this machine the wet pulp is run onto a belt of very fine screen. The screen is in aeonian motion. Shaking forward and sidewise, it makes the small fibers mesh. totally the while, water is again drained off, and the fibers angle to lie in the directions in which the screen belt and water move.A peachy roll or cylinder, next rolls over the fibers and presses them. By the time the very keen layer of fiber s passes out from under the groovy roll, more moisture has been lost. The pulp now has actually become paper, but it is still thick and loosely mesh, it is still wet. The large, unending sheet of unfinished paper is then pressed over rollers smoothly and tightly covered with felt, which press out most of the moisture. Next it is passed over heated drums to dry it still more, and to a machine called a calendar, which presses it again. The sheets are run through the closing drying and pressing rollers, and are then ready for cutting.